30 August 2020
: Case report 
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Challenging differential diagnosis, Rare disease
Isao Suzaki1ABCDEF*, Kojiro Hirano1ABD, Sawa Arai1BF, Yuki Maruyama1BF, Tomomi Mizuyoshi1BF, Takatoshi Tokudome1F, Naokazu Fujii1F, Hitome Kobayashi1DEDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.923270
Am J Case Rep 2020; 21:e923270
Figure 5. The electron microscopic analysis of the nasal cilia. (A) Central complex defect (white arrow head). (B) Inner dynein arm defect (white arrow). (C) Microtubular disorganization and inner dynein arm defect. (D) The schema of electron microscopic findings of normal cilia. Normal cilia have 2 central microtubules and 9 pairs of peripheral microtubules. A pair of peripheral microtubules consists of A microtubule and B microtubule. Outer and inner dynein arms are attached to A microtubules.