20 March 2024>: Articles
Bilateral Low-Flow Type-D Dural Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: Diagnosis and Treatment with 3D Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Challenging differential diagnosis, Rare disease
Arturs Balodis A* , Verners Roberts Kalējs A , Kristīne Migunova ADOI: 10.12659/AJCR.942833
Am J Case Rep 2024; 25:e942833
Figure 2. Digital subtraction angiogram confirming bilateral indirect Type-D carotid-cavernous fistulae (black arrows) with feeding arteries from intracavernous internal carotid artery branches and meningeal external carotid artery branches, draining bilaterally to ophthalmic veins (red arrows), and the inferior petrous sinus (empty arrows), on the right (A, B) and left (C, D) side.