28 September 2024
: Case report
Resolution of Migraine with Aura Post-PFO Closure in a Young Female: A Case Report
Challenging differential diagnosis, Congenital defects / diseases, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)
Endin Nokik Stujanna


DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.944848
Am J Case Rep 2024; 25:e944848
Figure 2. TEE and bubble test. There is a slit defect located at the superior part of the fossa ovalis at the SVC rim, superior rim, and aortic rims, clearly seen at the mid-esophageal (ME) position with 90-degree angle. There is floppy motion of the septum primum. Grade of microbubbles passing the tunnel is 4 of 4 grades, and the TTE bubble test indicated a severe PFO. The presence of shunt flow is exhibited by a color flow during resting at peak systolic phase, confirming the grade 4 (severe) PFO.