Figure 1. Timeline of monocytic human leukocyte antigen DR (mHLA-DR) expression, tracheal condition and treatment interventions of the first case of Aspergillus tracheobronchitis. The temporal relationship between mHLA-DR expression, therapeutic interventions, and tracheal appearance. This figure depicts the clinical course from diagnosis to intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. The x-axis represents time in weeks, and the y-axis shows mHLA-DR expression (antibodies/cell, a surrogate marker for immune function), indicated by the black line. Bronchoscopic images below the x-axis demonstrate the evolution of tracheal lesions. Grey bars represent the duration of antifungal treatment. This figure illustrates the dynamic interplay between immune status (ie, mHLA-DR), targeted therapies, and the clinical progression of Aspergillus tracheobronchitis during the patient’s ICU stay.