Figure 1. Imaging findings of case 1. Arrows indicate the tumor. (A, B) Plain computed tomography (CT) axial images of the pelvis and abdomen. Postrenal renal failure occurred immediately after 1 cycle of neoadjuvant therapy. The tumor invaded the extravesical and seminal vesicles, and bilateral hydronephrosis is observed. (C, D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-weighted axial and sagittal images of the pelvis. After 2 cycles of pembrolizumab treatment, the tumor appeared stable, and surgery was considered possible. (E) Positron emission tomography-CT maximum intensity projection image. No distant metastasis was observed preoperatively, and a left ureterocutaneostomy was performed. (F) Abdominal X-ray image before surgery. A left ureteral stent was placed. (G) CT image 3 months after surgery. Catheter-free condition.