Figure 2 Anteroposterior radiographs of hips(A) Baseline radiographs at the initial visit; (B) 4 months after initiating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment at our institution; (C) 8 months (2 months after initiation of upadacitinib [UPA]); and (D) 12 months (6 months after initiation of UPA). At baseline (A), the right hip shows a reduced center-edge angle of approximately 15°, complete loss of the joint space predominantly in the weight bearing region with circumferential narrowing, and marked subchondral sclerosis around the superior acetabulum, consistent with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA). Osteophyte formation is only mild; together with the circumferential joint space loss, these findings suggest concomitant degenerative OA and inflammatory arthropathy related to RA. In contrast, the left hip appears largely preserved, highlighting the marked deformity of the right hip. Subchondral bone changes became more apparent over time, particularly after initiation of UPA. Figures a–d show the corresponding magnified images for each time point.