29 May 2026
: Case report 
Orbital Fungating Mass as a Rare Manifestation of Retinoblastoma: A Case Study in Palliative Care
Challenging differential diagnosis, Diagnostic / therapeutic accidents, Management of emergency care, Rare disease
Anne Susanty
ABCDEF 1*, Kanyawati Maliani CE 2, Angga Kartiwa B 3, Dudi Cahyadi BD 4, Pujani Utami B 5, Yuni Kristina B 4, Nindi Dwi Leoni B 6, Dika Maulana Pemberiadi B 4
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.951652
Am J Case Rep 2026; 27:e951652
Figure 5 CT scan revealing large fungating masses and intracranial dural metastasis (IRSS stage IV with cTNM stage cT4b, cN1, cM1b, and HX). CT – computed tomography; IRSS – International Retinoblastoma Staging System; cTNM – clinical tumor, node, metastasis.