16 April 2026
: Case report 
Efgartigimod as Rescue Therapy for PD-1 Inhibitor–Associated Myasthenia Gravis, Myocarditis, and Myositis (MMM) Syndrome: A 2-Case Report and Literature Review
Challenging differential diagnosis, Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment, Unexpected drug reaction, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis), Rare coexistence of disease or pathology
Zi-Han Liu ABCDEF 1,2, Li-Min Duan ABCDEF 2, Xiang-Zhi Fang ABCDEF 2, Wen Jiang BCDF 2, Sheng-Wen Sun ABCE 2, You Shang
AF 1,2*, Chao-Lin Huang A 1, Yin Yuan AG 1,2
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.951872
Am J Case Rep 2026; 27:e951872
Figure 1 Clinical course and treatment response in patient 1 with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor–induced MMM syndrome. (A) Temporal changes in myocarditis grade, myasthenia gravis grade, serum troponin I, creatine kinase, and daily prednisone-equivalent dose from symptom onset to 90 days, together with the timing of immunotherapies (IVIG, plasmapheresis, efgartigimod) and respiratory support. (B) Evolution of myasthenia gravis activities of daily living (MG-ADL) scores and quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) scores during the first cycle of efgartigimod; decreasing scores indicate clinical improvement.