Logo American Journal of Case Reports

Call: 1.631.629.4328
Mon-Fri 10 am - 2 pm EST

Contact Us

Logo American Journal of Case Reports Logo American Journal of Case Reports Logo American Journal of Case Reports

15 November 2022: Articles  Switzerland

Large Desmoid Tumor of the Pancreas: A Report of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature

Rare disease

Alexis Litchinko1ABCDEF*, Camille Brasset ORCID logo1AB, Matthieu Tihy ORCID logo2AB, Marie-Laure Amram3AB, Frederic Ris ORCID logo1ABCDEF

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.937324

Am J Case Rep 2022; 23:e937324

0 Comments

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Desmoid tumor (DT), also known as aggressive fibromatosis or desmoid-type fibromatosis, is a rare disease. It can occur in anyone at any age, and is more likely to appear in female patients. DTs are sometimes associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and rare syndromes such as Gardner syndrome. Arising from specific cells, fibroblasts, they tend to develop in patients with a history of abdominal surgery and rarely produce metastases.

CASE REPORT: We present a case of a 41-year-old man who was referred for abdominal discomfort with no digestive or general symptoms. An abdominal CT scan revealed a mass in the left hypochondrium, corresponding to an intraperitoneal tumor extending to left colon. Based on MRI, we suspected a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Colonoscopy showed no intraluminal tumor in the colon. A PET-CT scan revealed tumor hypermetabolism and no metastases. The mass was diagnosed as a DT after percutaneous biopsy. Six weeks after diagnosis and as the tumor continued increasing despite pharmacological treatment, the patient underwent surgical pancreatic tail resection with splenectomy and left colonic segmentectomy. Histological examination revealed a 7.047-g DT with severe infiltration of pancreatic parenchyma and transmural colic barrier, with no high-grade differentiation and negative resection margins. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, and we proposed surveillance with MRI.

CONCLUSIONS: The DT was surgically removed and patient remains under MRI surveillance. Other reported management approaches consist of radiotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-hormonal therapies/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, chemotherapy, or close surveillance only. This is, to our knowledge, the largest and heaviest DT reported in the modern literature.

Keywords: Colorectal Surgery, CTNNB1 Protein, Human, Fibromatosis, Aggressive, Gardner Syndrome, Radiotherapy, CTNNB1 Protein, Human, Male, Humans, Female, Adult, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Pancreas, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Pancreatic Neoplasms

Background

Desmoid tumors (DTs) are rare tumors which develop from the connective tissue: well-differentiated mesenchymal fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. DTs represent < 3% of all soft tissue tumors and have an estimated incidence of 2–4 new cases per million population per year [1]. Also known as aggressive fibromatosis or desmoid-type fibromatosis, DTs are benign tumors which can develop anywhere in the body, invade surrounding tissues, and can be very difficult to control because of their rapid growth. McFarlane was the first to describe a DT, which was located in the abdominal wall of a young patient in 1832 [2]. The WHO classifies DTs as intermediate (locally aggressive) fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors [3].

DTs can localize intra- or extra-abdominally, mostly in the abdominal wall, and there is no evidence of their metastatic potential. DTs typically affect young adults between 20 and 30 years of age [4]. The clinical presentation of DTs ranges from fully asymptomatic to swelling, left hypochondrium pain, epi-gastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and back pain. The etiology of these tumors is not well understood and they have 2 typical presentations: sporadic, mostly associated with post-traumatic (postoperative) etiology [1] or associated with Gardner syndrome, a subtype of familial adenomatosis polyposis (FAP). FAP develops in patients with mutations in the APC gene [5]; 20% of these APC mutations are de novo [6]. In some rare cases, DTs are associated with the peripartum period.

Specific factors have been identified as abnormalities in histological analysis showing fibroblastic proliferation and then confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for β-catenin, as the β-catenin gene (CTNNB1), present in more than 75% of DTs cases, is mutated in FAP or Gardner syndrome [7].

There is no standard of care for DTs, but the first-line pharmacotherapy consists of selective estrogen receptor modulators such as Tamoxifen or Toremifene and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) as well as cytotoxic chemotherapy and sometimes radiotherapy [1]. Treatment with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs such as Imatinib or Sorafenib has shown promising results [4,8]. An emerging technique uses high-intensity ultrasound waves to remove small DTs. This non-invasive approach can be combined with other treatments [9,10].

However, in the vast majority of symptomatic cases, surgery plays a major role in the treatment of DTs. In 25–60% of patients who undergo surgery, DTs recur locally [11], most frequently near the surgical resection. It is well accepted that the aim of surgery is to remove the entire tumor with R0 re-section margins and minimize the risk of recurrence. Based on data from 495 patients with DTs, physicians at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center have developed a nomogram that can be used to evaluate that risk [12].

We report the largest case of pancreatic DT, diagnosed on 22 November 2021, at the Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland. The DT was removed surgically with negative re-section margins. We expand this case report with a literature review on DTs of the pancreas.

The work has been reported in line with the SCARE 2020 criteria: Updating Consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) Guidelines, International Journal of Surgery 2020;84: 226–230 [13].

Case Report

A 41-year-old male patient with no significant medical or surgical history apart from an asymptomatic megaureter and a bicuspid aortic valve presented to his family physician with nausea and diarrhea persisting for 1 week, 3 months prior to our consultation. He was prescribed simple symptomatic management. Because of the persisting abdominal discomfort and postprandial nauseas, the patient was referred to the Division of Digestive Surgery of the University Hospitals of Geneva. We noted a visible bulking in the epigastric and left hypochondriac region. The mass was easily palpable and solid, without any signs of abdominal guarding. The patient was in good condition, height 178 cm, weight 77 kg, and ECOG PS 0. He reported no active smoking or alcohol consumption, no allergies, and no regular medication. The patient had no personal or family history of desmoid tumor. The first abdominal CT scan (Figure 1) showed a massive intra-abdominal heterogeneous tissue tumor located in the left hypochondrium and invading the left colon. We also observed a moderate amount of intra-abdominal free fluid and suspected the tumor to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. We then performed an MRI (Figure 2), which revealed that the left hypochondrium mass was mildly heterogeneous with T2 hypersignal and T1 hyposignal of unclear origin, with restricted diffusion, mild enhancement after contrast injection, and encapsulated, and was merging with the tail of the pancreas and compressing the left colic flexure. Colonoscopy was normal apart from a severe extrinsic compression localized in the left colic flexure. To explore the potential malignancy and metastases of the tumor, a whole-body PET/CT scan was performed (Figure 3). It revealed a hypermetabolic tumor of more than 20 cm extending from the left pancreas and invading the left colic flexure, and no other suspect hypermetabolic lesions. Histological and immunohistochemical images of a percutaneous biopsy were compatible with an active DT.

The case was presented to our multidisciplinary care team, who opted for a conservative initial management with sulindac (NSAID) and close surveillance. One month after this decision, the patient presented with an increased abdominal circumference and alternating diarrhea and constipation. A new MRI showed that the tumor had rapidly grown from 7 to more than 18 cm (Figure 4), with T2 hypersignal and T1 hyposignal. The case was once again presented to our multidisciplinary care team, who suggested a surgical “en-bloc” resection.

The patient underwent surgery 3 months after the initial CT scan. He underwent midline laparotomy and exploratory laparotomy, which revealed no suspect secondary lesions. The mass was bulging from the left hypochondrium and infiltrated the left colic flexure and the spleen. We performed a meticulous adhesiolysis to isolate the whole tumoral mass, a left pancreatectomy, division of the pancreas with a 60-mm stapler Echelon™ (Johnson & Johnson), with splenectomy and segment resection of the left colic flexure with direct latero-lateral anastomosis. The mass was resected “en-bloc” (Figure 5) and weighed 7.057 g (Figure 6). The surgery lasted 264 min, blood loss was estimated to be 300 cc, and the patient did not receive any transfusion. Postoperative care was uneventful, with a standard application of the ERAS® protocol of our institution [14] and the patient was discharged on day 5.

Pathology and immunohistochemistry examination of the resected mass revealed a DT measuring 40 cm. It consisted of elongated, thin, tapered cells of uniform appearance with pale cytoplasm, embedded in a collagenous stroma. There was no nuclear hyperchromasia, cytological atypia, or mitosis. Blood vessels were thin-walled, with perivascular edema and vascular microhemorrhages (Figure 7A).

We observed nuclear β-catenin staining (Figure 7B). Smooth muscle actin (SMA) was weakly positive and desmin was negative. DNA sequencing revealed that the CTNNB1 (β-catenin) gene carried the p.T41A (c.121A>G) mutation. The tumor invaded almost the whole pancreatic parenchyma and infiltrated the colonic wall, but circumferential resection margins and organ resection margins were negative.

We proposed active close surveillance with MRI every 3–6 months, because even with the negative resection margins the risk of recurrence seems to be proportional to the initial size of the tumor. The patient had 2 follow-up MRI scans at 6 and 12 months after surgery, without any sign of recurrence and without hepatic, pancreatic, or colic nodules.

Discussion

A search of the English-language scientific literature yielded 30 reports of DTs which developed at the expense of the pancreas (Table 1) [7,15–39]. The mean age at diagnosis was 42.1 years old [0.4–75] and 61.3% of patients were male. The mean tumor size was 7.99 cm and, except for Bruce et al [16] and Alghamdi et al [39], none of the reports specified the weight of the tumor; 26% of tumors were totally asymptomatic, and 58% of patients had unspecific epigastric pain or discomfort. This case is, to our knowledge, the heaviest DT of the pancreas ever reported in the English-language scientific literature.

The road to clear diagnosis of DT is often long and winding – from clinical examination of unspecific symptoms through various imaging techniques to histological examination. As DTs are rare in routine practice, it is important to remember their frequent association with FAP, attenuated FAP, or Gardner syndrome. Quintini et al [40] showed that 10–25% of patients with mutations in the APC gene develop DTs and that these tumors are an important cause of mortality after total colectomy. We recommend that patients diagnosed with DTs be referred to an experienced multidisciplinary team. Even if the guidelines are unclear, we strongly recommend a surgical approach for tumors larger than 10 cm, grow rapidly, or, most importantly, are symptomatic. Surgeons should always strive to achieve negative resection margins, but even then, the recurrence of DTs is frequent (25–60%) [11]. DTs can also be challenging to treat surgically, especially when located in tight spaces such as around the pancreas.

Conclusions

The presented case is the largest DT ever reported. Its management was successful, with no sign of recurrence at 1-year follow-up. A review of the literature on DTs of the pancreas showed that these rare tumors are still mostly managed surgically. We strongly believe that the management approach for intra-abdominal DTs should be developed by a multidisciplinary panel. New developing techniques, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound [9,10], should also be considered.

Figures

CT scan with contrast in arterial phase showing the DT in the left hypochondrium bulging from the pancreas; axial view. Red arrows indicates the tumor mass.Figure 1.. CT scan with contrast in arterial phase showing the DT in the left hypochondrium bulging from the pancreas; axial view. Red arrows indicates the tumor mass. First MRI images in T2 sequence showing the pancreatic mass compressing the left colic flexure. Red arrows indicates the tumor. (A) Frontal view. (B) Axial view.Figure 2.. First MRI images in T2 sequence showing the pancreatic mass compressing the left colic flexure. Red arrows indicates the tumor. (A) Frontal view. (B) Axial view. PET/CT scan showing hypermetabolic signal of the pancreatic mass and absence of secondary tumors. Red arrows indicate the hypermetabolic tumor. (A) Frontal view. (B) Axial view.Figure 3.. PET/CT scan showing hypermetabolic signal of the pancreatic mass and absence of secondary tumors. Red arrows indicate the hypermetabolic tumor. (A) Frontal view. (B) Axial view. Second MRI image showing the expansion of the pancreatic mass. (A) Frontal view in T1 sequence. (B) Axial view contrast enhancement.Figure 4.. Second MRI image showing the expansion of the pancreatic mass. (A) Frontal view in T1 sequence. (B) Axial view contrast enhancement. Intraoperative picture of the resected tumor.Figure 5.. Intraoperative picture of the resected tumor. Macroscopy of the resected tumor. (A) Resected tissue weighing 7.057 g, consisting of a large tumor measuring 40×31 cm and a spleen segment measuring 12×10 cm, a colonic segment measuring 25×3 cm, and a pancreatic segment measuring 25×3 cm. (B, C). The mass protruding through the colonic wall.Figure 6.. Macroscopy of the resected tumor. (A) Resected tissue weighing 7.057 g, consisting of a large tumor measuring 40×31 cm and a spleen segment measuring 12×10 cm, a colonic segment measuring 25×3 cm, and a pancreatic segment measuring 25×3 cm. (B, C). The mass protruding through the colonic wall. Histology findings. (A) Elongated, thin, and tapered cells of uniform appearance with pale cytoplasm and embedded in a collagenous stroma. No nuclear hyperchromasia, cytological atypia, or mitosis. Blood vessels are thin-walled with perivascular edema and vascular microhemorrhages. (B) Nuclear β-catenin staining is observed. Smooth muscle actin (SMA) was weakly positive and desmin fixation was negative. DNA sequencing revealed that the CTNNB1 (β-catenin) gene carried the p.T41A (c.121A>G) mutation.Figure 7.. Histology findings. (A) Elongated, thin, and tapered cells of uniform appearance with pale cytoplasm and embedded in a collagenous stroma. No nuclear hyperchromasia, cytological atypia, or mitosis. Blood vessels are thin-walled with perivascular edema and vascular microhemorrhages. (B) Nuclear β-catenin staining is observed. Smooth muscle actin (SMA) was weakly positive and desmin fixation was negative. DNA sequencing revealed that the CTNNB1 (β-catenin) gene carried the p.T41A (c.121A>G) mutation.

References:

1.. Rampone B, Pedrazzani C, Marrelli D, Updates on abdominal desmoid tumors: World J Gastroenterol, 2007; 13(45); 5985-88

2.. , Clinical Reports of the Surgical Practice of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary: Med Chir Rev, 1833; 18(35); 126-35

3.. Sbaraglia M, Bellan E, Dei Tos AP, The 2020 WHO Classification of Soft Tissue Tumours: News and perspectives: Pathologica, 2021; 113(2); 70-84

4.. Gounder MM, Mahoney MR, Van Tine BA, Sorafenib for advanced and refractory desmoid tumors: N Engl J Med, 2018; 379(25); 2417-28

5.. Leal RF, Silva PV, Ayrizono Mde L, Desmoid tumor in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: Arq Gastroenterol, 2010; 47(4); 373-78

6.. Beroud C, Soussi T, APC gene: Database of germline and somatic mutations in human tumors and cell lines: Nucleic Acids Res, 1996; 24(1); 121-24

7.. Torres JC, Xin C, An unusual finding in a desmoid-type fibromatosis of the pancreas: a case report and review of the literature: J Med Case Rep, 2018; 12(1); 123

8.. Ganeshan D, Amini B, Nikolaidis P, Current update on desmoid fibromatosis: J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2019; 43(1); 29-38

9.. Avedian RS, Bitton R, Gold G, Is MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound a feasible treatment modality for desmoid tumors?: Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2016; 474(3); 697-704

10.. Ghanouni P, Dobrotwir A, Bazzocchi A, Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment of extra-abdominal desmoid tumors: A retrospective multicenter study: Eur Radiol, 2017; 27(2); 732-40

11.. Lewis JJ, Boland PJ, Leung DH, The enigma of desmoid tumors: Ann Surg, 1999; 229(6); 866-72 ; discussion 872–73

12.. Crago AM, Denton B, Salas S, A prognostic nomogram for prediction of recurrence in desmoid fibromatosis: Ann Surg, 2013; 258(2); 347-53

13.. Agha RA, Franchi T, Sohrabi C, The SCARE 2020 guideline: Updating consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines: Int J Surg, 2020; 84; 226-30

14.. Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS((R))) Society Recommendations: 2018: World J Surg, 2019; 43(3); 659-95

15.. Roggli VL, Kim HS, Hawkins E, Congenital generalized fibromatosis with visceral involvement. A case report: Cancer, 1980; 45(5); 954-60

16.. Bruce JM, Bradley EL, Satchidanand SK, A desmoid tumor of the pancreas. Sporadic intra-abdominal desmoids revisited: Int J Pancreatol, 1996; 19(3); 197-203

17.. Sedivy R, Ba-Ssalamah A, Gnant M, Intraductal papillary-mucinous adenoma associated with unusual focal fibromatosis: A “postoperative” stromal nodule: Virchows Arch, 2002; 441(3); 308-11

18.. Nursal TZ, Abbasoglu O, Sporadic hereditary pancreatic desmoid tumor: A new entity?: J Clin Gastroenterol, 2003; 37(2); 186-88

19.. Pho LN, Coffin CM, Burt RW, Abdominal desmoid in familial adenomatous polyposis presenting as a pancreatic cystic lesion: Fam Cancer, 2005; 4(2); 135-38

20.. Weiss ES, Burkart AL, Yeo CJ, Fibromatosis of the remnant pancreas after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy: J Gastrointest Surg, 2006; 10(5); 679-88

21.. Amiot A, Dokmak S, Sauvanet A, Sporadic desmoid tumor. An exceptional cause of cystic pancreatic lesion: JOP, 2008; 9(3); 339-45

22.. Polistina F, Costantin G, D’Amore E, Ambrosino G, Sporadic, nontrauma-related, desmoid tumor of the pancreas: A rare disease-case report and literature review: Case Rep Med, 2010; 2010; 272760

23.. Rao RN, Agarwal P, Rai P, Kumar B, Isolated desmoid tumor of pancreatic tail with cyst formation diagnosed by beta-catenin immunostaining: A rare case report with review of literature: JOP, 2013; 14(3); 296-301

24.. Xu B, Zhu LH, Wu JG, Pancreatic solid cystic desmoid tumor: Case report and literature review: World J Gastroenterol, 2013; 19(46); 8793-98

25.. Kim JY, Song JS, Park H, Primary mesenchymal tumors of the pancreas: Single-center experience over 16 years: Pancreas, 2014; 43(6); 959-68

26.. Jia C, Tian B, Dai C, Idiopathic desmoid-type fibromatosis of the pancreatic head: case report and literature review: World J Surg Oncol, 2014; 12; 103

27.. Gerleman R, Mortensen MB, Detlefsen S, Desmoid tumor of the pancreas: case report and review of a rare entity: Int J Surg Pathol, 2015; 23(7); 579-84

28.. Slowik-Moczydlowska Z, Rogulski R, Piotrowska A, Desmoid tumor of the pancreas: A case report: J Med Case Rep, 2015; 9; 104

29.. Tsukamoto Y, Imakita M, Nishitani A, Pancreatic desmoid-type fibromatosis with beta-catenin gene mutation – report of a case and review of the literature: Pathol Res Pract, 2016; 212(5); 484-89

30.. Wang YC, Wong JU, Complete remission of pancreatic head desmoid tumor treated by COX-2 inhibitor – a case report: World J Surg Oncol, 2016; 14(1); 190

31.. Jafri SF, Obaisi O, Vergara GG, Desmoid type fibromatosis: A case report with an unusual etiology: World J Gastrointest Oncol, 2017; 9(9); 385-89

32.. Dallaire DFB, Dallaire DE, Perigny DM, Pancreatic desmoid tumor: A rare case with radiologic-pathologic correlation: Radiol Case Rep, 2018; 13(5); 1079-83

33.. Khanna K, Mofakham FA, Gandhi D, Jain N, Desmoid fibromatosis of the pancreas – a case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation: Radiol Case Rep, 2020; 15(11); 2324-28

34.. Shayesteh S, Salimian KJ, Fouladi DF, Pancreatic cystic desmoid tumor following metastatic colon cancer surgery: A case report: Radiol Case Rep, 2020; 15(11); 2063-66

35.. Xuesong D, Pancreatic desmoid tumor with unusual imaging features: Pancreatology, 2020; 20(5); 1015-16

36.. Sugimachi K, Iguchi T, Ohta M, Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy for a solid-cystic intraabdominal desmoid tumor at a gastro-pancreatic lesion: a case report: BMC Surg, 2020; 20(1); 24

37.. Stone AB, Mallery JS, Stewart J, Amin K, A rare sporadic pancreatic desmoid fibromatosis diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: Case report and literature review: Diagn Cytopathol, 2021; 49(2); E49-54

38.. Park CG, Lee YN, Kim WY, Desmoid type fibromatosis of the distal pancreas: A case report: Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2021; 25(2); 276-82

39.. Alghamdi HM, Invasive giant pancreatic desmoid-type fibromatosis with curative resection: A case report: Int J Surg Case Rep, 2021; 86; 106327

40.. Quintini C, Ward G, Shatnawei A, Mortality of intra-abdominal desmoid tumors in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: A single center review of 154 patients: Ann Surg, 2012; 255(3); 511-16

Figures

Figure 1.. CT scan with contrast in arterial phase showing the DT in the left hypochondrium bulging from the pancreas; axial view. Red arrows indicates the tumor mass.Figure 2.. First MRI images in T2 sequence showing the pancreatic mass compressing the left colic flexure. Red arrows indicates the tumor. (A) Frontal view. (B) Axial view.Figure 3.. PET/CT scan showing hypermetabolic signal of the pancreatic mass and absence of secondary tumors. Red arrows indicate the hypermetabolic tumor. (A) Frontal view. (B) Axial view.Figure 4.. Second MRI image showing the expansion of the pancreatic mass. (A) Frontal view in T1 sequence. (B) Axial view contrast enhancement.Figure 5.. Intraoperative picture of the resected tumor.Figure 6.. Macroscopy of the resected tumor. (A) Resected tissue weighing 7.057 g, consisting of a large tumor measuring 40×31 cm and a spleen segment measuring 12×10 cm, a colonic segment measuring 25×3 cm, and a pancreatic segment measuring 25×3 cm. (B, C). The mass protruding through the colonic wall.Figure 7.. Histology findings. (A) Elongated, thin, and tapered cells of uniform appearance with pale cytoplasm and embedded in a collagenous stroma. No nuclear hyperchromasia, cytological atypia, or mitosis. Blood vessels are thin-walled with perivascular edema and vascular microhemorrhages. (B) Nuclear β-catenin staining is observed. Smooth muscle actin (SMA) was weakly positive and desmin fixation was negative. DNA sequencing revealed that the CTNNB1 (β-catenin) gene carried the p.T41A (c.121A>G) mutation.

In Press

12 Feb 2024 : Case report  Germany

Diagnostic Challenges and Imaging Considerations for Intraparotid Facial Nerve Schwannoma: A Case Report an...

Am J Case Rep In Press; DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.942870  

0:00

12 Feb 2024 : Case report  USA

Erdheim-Chester Disease Occult on Radiographs and CT but Visible on MRI and PET

Am J Case Rep In Press; DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.941169  

0:00

12 Feb 2024 : Case report  USA

Surgical Treatment of Spontaneous Superficial Temporal Artery Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report

Am J Case Rep In Press; DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.942839  

13 Feb 2024 : Case report  Bahrain

Warfarin Woes: A Rare Case of Hemoperitoneum with Intramural Small Bowel Hematoma

Am J Case Rep In Press; DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.943519  

Most Viewed Current Articles

10 Jan 2022 : Case report  Germany

A Report on the First 7 Sequential Patients Treated Within the C-Reactive Protein Apheresis in COVID (CACOV...

DOI :10.12659/AJCR.935263

Am J Case Rep 2022; 23:e935263

19 Jul 2022 : Case report  Saudi Arabia

Atlantoaxial Subluxation Secondary to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Rare Orthopedic Complication from COVID-19

DOI :10.12659/AJCR.936128

Am J Case Rep 2022; 23:e936128

05 Mar 2022 : Case report  Brazil

Acute Limb Ischemia After Self-Injection of Crushed Morphine Tablets into the Radial Artery: Role of Infrar...

DOI :10.12659/AJCR.935336

Am J Case Rep 2022; 23:e935336

02 Apr 2022 : Case report  Saudi Arabia

Infective Endocarditis Caused by Pseudomonas luteola in a Pediatric Patient. A Case Report and Review of Li...

DOI :10.12659/AJCR.935743

Am J Case Rep 2022; 23:e935743

Your Privacy

We use cookies to ensure the functionality of our website, to personalize content and advertising, to provide social media features, and to analyze our traffic. If you allow us to do so, we also inform our social media, advertising and analysis partners about your use of our website, You can decise for yourself which categories you you want to deny or allow. Please note that based on your settings not all functionalities of the site are available. View our privacy policy.

American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923
American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923