Background: The aim of this study was to report a case of vasculitis in a one-year-old with HIV who suffered a process of thrombosis.Case Report: The case of a one-year-old, white, male patient who is a HIV positive is reported Five days previously the patient suffered from liquid diarrhea without catarrh (8 times daily) and vomiting (8 times daily). The physician oriented the mother to treat the patient with oral re-hydration. The infant was treated for five days and the mother reported that she noticed on one day that the lower limbs became cold and that the following day the limbs were a dark color. Due to the worsening of the clinical aspect she returned to the physician. The physical exam demonstrated that the patient had fever, was dehydrated, cyanotic and the liver was two centimeters from the border of the rib cage. The legs were hypothermic and blackened and the patient had oral mycosis.Conclusions: The vascular evaluation diagnosed that the lower limbs were ischaemic and had necrosis and therefore the therapy used was amputation. The histopathologic assessment was compatible with vasculitis.

Keywords: Amputation, limb, Vasculitis, HIV, children