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07 September 2017 : Case report  Indonesia

Biventricular Cardiac Hypertrophy in a Patient with Primary Aldosteronism and Atrial Septal Defect

Unusual setting of medical care, Rare coexistence of disease or pathology

Tjokorda Gde Dalem Pemayun1ABCDEG, Ridho M. Naibaho2ABCEFG, Muhammad Achmad Sungkar3BCD

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.902271

Am J Case Rep 2017; 18:963-971

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Primary aldosteronism can be caused by adrenocortical adenoma and is usually associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Biventricular cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in the presence of a pre-existing atrial septal defect (ASD) are a rare association of primary aldosteronism.

CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old woman with resistant hypertension and refractory hypokalemia presented with signs and symptoms of heart failure. She had previously been diagnosed having a right adrenal tumor and ostium secundum type ASD. Transthoracic echocardiography confirmed the location of the ASD, with a left-to-right cardiac shunt, moderate to severe tricuspid insufficiency, moderate pulmonary hypertension (60 mm Hg), four chamber dilatation and biventricular hypertrophy. The left ventricular ejection fraction was 17%. Endocrine function tests showed a raised plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) to plasma renin activity (PRA) ratio, which supported a diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. A captopril suppression test failed to suppress the patient’s PAC, which confirmed the diagnosis. The patient underwent a right adrenalectomy with subsequent normalization of hypokalemia, PAC, and PAC to PRA ratio and her hypertension was managed successfully with monotherapy. Surgical pathology examination of the tumor revealed an adrenocortical adenoma. At follow-up at 18 months, the patient had a normal potassium level, and her cardiac function and ventricular geometries were improved.

CONCLUSIONS: Reversible cardiac hypertrophy is rarely associated with primary aldosteronism, however, it should be recognized. Present findings suggest that aldosteronism contributes to cardiac remodelling and biventricular hypertrophic changes. Administering appropriate treatment in a timely manner, can reverse cardiac changes along with the other symptoms of primary aldosteronism.

Keywords: Adrenalectomy, Hyperaldosteronism, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial

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American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923
American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923