BACKGROUND: The treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer involves a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Each case is discussed and the best strategy is chosen individually, following international guidelines.

CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old man was diagnosed with locally advanced broncho-pulmonary adenocarcinoma (stage IIIA). The disease was stable after 2 cycles of cisplatin plus Navelbine used as neoadjuvant therapy. FISH analysis revealed an ALK rearrangement. The patient then received unlicensed crizotinib as second-line neoadjuvant treatment, which led to an almost complete radiological and metabolic response. A left upper lobectomy was performed, followed by post-operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. At 18 months post-surgery, the patient is still disease-free according to the last CT scan.

CONCLUSIONS: Targeted therapy was an alternative solution when chemotherapy was not helping. Randomized studies are needed to define its precise role in the neoadjuvant scheme.

Keywords: Molecular Targeted Therapy, Neoadjuvant Therapy