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16 May 2019 : Case report  USA

Varicella Zoster Meningitis with Hypoglycorrhachia on Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis in a Young Immunocompetent Host without a Rash

Unusual clinical course, Challenging differential diagnosis

Mustafa Fadhel1AEF*, Natasha Campbell1AEF, Swapnil Patel1AEF, Arman Mushtaq1AEF, Lito Fune1AEF, Arif Asif1AEF, Mohammad A. Hossain1AEF

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.915300

Am J Case Rep 2019; 20:701-704

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a common viral infection, with primary infection presenting as fevers and pruritic vesicular rash. After staying dormant in the dorsal root ganglia, reactivation can lead to secondary infection. Meningitis is a rare a complication of VZV infection.

CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 44-year-old woman with no past medical history, presenting with severe frontal headache without meningeal signs or fevers, found to have VZV meningitis. CSF analysis revealed hypoglycorrhachia and she was treated successfully with combination of intravenous acyclovir and oral valacyclovir.

CONCLUSIONS: VZV meningitis can present with subtle clinical signs and symptoms and should be considered as a possible etiology for headaches without identifiable cause.

Keywords: Headache Disorders, Herpesvirus 3, Human, Meningitis, Aseptic, Glucose, Meningitis, Viral, Varicella Zoster Virus Infection

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American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923
American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923