01 March 2020 : Case report
Chryseobacterium gleum Isolation from Respiratory Culture Following Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Rare disease
Charles P. Tsouvalas1ABDEFG*, George Mousa12AB, Anna H. Lee1DEF, Jane A. Philip12CDE, Diane Levine12EFDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.921172
Am J Case Rep 2020; 21:e921172
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chryseobacterium gleum (C. gleum) is a rare but concerning device-associated infection that can cause urinary tract infections and pneumonia. It produces a biofilm and has intrinsic resistance to a wide array of broad-spectrum agents. Risk factors include neonate or immunocompromised states, intensive care unit admission for more than 21 days, broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure, indwelling devices, and mechanical ventilation.
CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old cachectic man presented in the United States with community-acquired pneumonia and immediately decompensated, requiring ventilator support. Despite starting broad-spectrum antibiotics, the patient developed fever, leukocytosis, and additional desaturation episodes. The patient’s respiratory culture grew numerous C. gleum and few Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia. He also had a positive urine streptococcal pneumonia antigen. Broad-spectrum agents were discontinued after prolonged treatment due to a continued worsening clinical picture, and the patient was started on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to cover C. gleum. The patient showed rapid clinical improvement on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with resolution of symptoms on post-discharge follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a documented case of a patient with C. gleum respiratory infection successfully treated solely with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The expedient identification of C. gleum is essential for proper treatment. The literature has consistently shown isolated respiratory C. gleum strains to be largely susceptible to fluoroquinolones, piperacillin-tazobactam, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Keywords: Catheter-Related Infections, Cross Infection, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Anti-Infective Agents, Chryseobacterium, Community-Acquired Infections, Flavobacteriaceae Infections, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Sulfadoxine, Trimethoprim
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