07 April 2024 : Case report
[In Press] A Prefixed Four-Trunk Brachial Plexus with Anomalous Anatomy of All Subsequent Divisions, Cords, and Terminal Branches: A Cadaveric Case Report
Unknown etiology, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)
Maya Mendonsa1ABDEF, Megan Busch1BDE, Hashir Faheem1BDE, Yusuf Nawras1BDE, Eric Lassiter1DE, Adel Maklad231ABDEDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.943866
Am J Case Rep In Press; DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.943866
Available online: 2024-04-07, In Press, Corrected Proof
Publication in the "In-Press" formula aims at speeding up the public availability of the pending manuscript while waiting for the final publication. The assigned DOI number is active and citable. The availability of the article in the Medline, PubMed and PMC databases as well as Web of Science will be obtained after the final publication according to the journal schedule
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The brachial plexus is a complex neural structure providing motor and sensory innervation to structures of the arm, shoulder, and upper chest. The anatomical structure is typically divided into roots, trunks, divisions, and cords. Due to the presence of multiple nerve roots and branches, anatomical variations are common. Awareness of variations from normal anatomy is important in imaging, administration of nerve blocks, and surgical procedures of the neck and shoulder region.
CASE REPORT
We present a case of multiple anatomic variations of the right brachial plexus identified in a cadaver during routine dissection. To summarize, we identified a prefixed plexus with anomalous contributions from the C4 nerve root. Nerve roots C4 and C5 emerged anterior to the anterior scalene muscle. Furthermore, 4 trunks, rather than the typical 3, gave rise to multiple anomalies in the branching pattern of the distal divisions and cords. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the published literature.
CONCLUSIONS
The current case report presents a combination of brachial plexus anomalies not previously described in the medical literature – specifically, a prefixed (C4-T1) brachial plexus positioned anterior to the anterior scalene muscle with anomalies of the trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches. The variations presented have implications in neurogenic compression, interscalene blocks, and trauma to the upper limb. Knowledge of these anomalies may better equip anatomists and clinicians to understand pathology and intervention of the upper limb.
Keywords: Anatomic Variation; Brachial Plexus; Brachial Plexus Block; Cervical Plexus Block; Peripheral Nervous System; Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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