19 September 2024 : Case report
[In Press] Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in a Multiple Myeloma Patient After Belantamab Mafodotin Therapy and Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report
Unusual clinical course, Challenging differential diagnosis
Mohamed Sabbah1ABCDEF, Stephanie Nguyen1ACDE, Maya Ouzegdouh1ADE, Sylvain Choquet1ADE, David Buob2BDE, Jean Jacques Boffa3ADE, Alexandre Cez3ADE, Laurent Garderet4ABCDEFDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.944681
Am J Case Rep In Press; DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.944681
Available online: 2024-09-19, In Press, Corrected Proof
Publication in the "In-Press" formula aims at speeding up the public availability of the pending manuscript while waiting for the final publication. The assigned DOI number is active and citable. The availability of the article in the Medline, PubMed and PMC databases as well as Web of Science will be obtained after the final publication according to the journal schedule
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) very rarely occurs in patients with multiple myeloma. Much more common are renal impairments secondary to monoclonal light-chain tubulopathy, AL amyloidosis, light-chain deposition disease, and the so-called monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance.
CASE REPORT
We report the case of a 79-year-old myeloma patient without noticeable medical problems but with a long history of myeloma treatment beginning 13 years ago. In the ninth line of therapy, he was successfully treated with belamaf mafodotin, an anti-BCMA monoclonal antibody coupled to monomethyl auristatin F. After 1.5 years of treatment, without any eye toxicity, and while he was in complete hematologic remission, he experienced a very severe COVID-19 infection followed 1 month later by a nephrotic syndrome. The renal biopsy revealed a FSGS not otherwise specified. He was successfully treated symptomatically. One and a half years later, and without treatment for 1 year, he is still in hematologic remission, with a remaining renal insufficiency.
CONCLUSIONS
Our patient had a particularly long response to belamaf mafodotin of more than 2.5 years, which is still ongoing. This is particularly remarkable because the very unusual acute renal impairment was not myeloma related. This is a very rare case of FSGS in a myeloma patient, potentially linked to a COVID-19 infection considering the chronology of the events and the immunosuppressive status secondary to the malignancy and its treatment.
Keywords: Multiple Myeloma; Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
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