03 May 2021: Articles
Bilateral Retinal Vasculitis as the First Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Unusual clinical course
Eaman Alhassan A* , Hannah K. Gendelman A , Marwa M. Sabha A , Melissa Hawkins-Holt B , Bernadette C. Siaton EDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.930650
Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e930650
Table 1. Types of lupus retinopathy, ophthalmic findings, and pathophysiology.
| Vascular retinopathy | Pathophysiology | Ophthalmic findings | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microangiopathy | Attributed to hypertension secondary to renal involvement | Cotton wool spots, micro-aneurysms, dot hemorrhages, and hard exudates | |
| Retinal vasculitis | Thromboses of the retinal arterioles due to deposition of immune complexes and inflammation | Vascular sheathing, vaso-occlusion (end-point of vasculitis), cotton wool spots, micro-aneurysms, dot hemorrhages, and hard exudates | |
| Vaso-occlusion | Thromboses of the retinal arterioles due to deposition of immune complexes and inflammation | Central retinal artery or vein occlusion, neovascularization, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage |