Convexal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Caused by Infective Endocarditis in a Patient with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): The Culprits and Bystanders

14 May 2021 : Case report USA

Rare disease

Faisal Khan^1ABCDEF*, Neha Sharma^2ABCDEF, Moin Ud Din^2ABCDEF, Saloni Shirke^3ABCDEF, Saima Abbas^4CDE

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.931376

Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e931376

Background Case Report Discussion Conclusions References:

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Table 1. Etiologies of convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Classification	Etiology
Vascular	Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
	Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
	Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome
	Pial arteriovenous malformation
	Dural arteriovenous fistula
	Cavernoma
	Cerebral venous thrombosis (dural and cortical)
	Moya Moya disease
	Cerebral vasculitis
	Large vessel atherosclerosis
	Internal carotid artery dissection or stenosis
	Lupus vasculitis
Non-vascular	Infective endocarditis
	Brain abscesses ()
	Coagulation disorders (leukemia, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, cirrhosis, aplastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, cryoglobulinemia)
	Brain tumors (primary vs secondary)
	Drugs (amphetamine, ephedra, cocaine)
	Cardioembolism (atrial fibrillation, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, patent foramen ovale, atrial myxoma)
Idiopathic	14–35%

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