29 December 2021: Articles
Challenges of Managing Multiple Myeloma Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Diagnostic / therapeutic accidents, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis), Rare coexistence of disease or pathology
Maroun Bou Zerdan A , Maria Julia Diacovo E , Chakra P. Chaulagain A*DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.933470
Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e933470
Table 2. Organ system dysfunctions in multiple myeloma and sickle cell disease.
| Organ system dysfunction/complications | Multiple myeloma | Sickle cell disease |
|---|---|---|
| Bone marrow | Hypoproliferative anemia, advanced disease can cause thrombocytopenia and leukopenia | Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia uncommon. Episodic severe anemia can result from splenic sequestration, aplastic crisis, or hyperhemolysis |
| Immune system | Immunoparesis, impaired lymphocyte function, acquired hypogammaglobulinemia can cause increased viral and bacterial infections | functional hyposplenism or asplenism, presence of an indwelling catheter (eg, for chronic transfusion), tissue-hypo-perfusion can increase risk of infections. |
| Cardiovascular | Arterial and venous thrombosis, hyperviscosity | Venous thrombosis, Stroke, transient ischemic attack, pulmonary hypertension, Cardiomyopathy (including transfusional iron overload) and heart failure, Myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, sudden death |
| Renal | Myeloma kidney (light chain cast nephropathy), hypercalcemia, AL amyloidosis, proteinuria, CKD, ESRD | Hyposthenuria, hematuria, hypertension, renal infarction, papillary necrosis, renal colic, Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, CKD leading to ESRD, Renal medullary carcinoma |
| Skeletal complications | Bone pain, lytic bone lesions, pathologic fractures, cord compression, osteopenia | Dactylitis, vaso-occlusive pain crisis, osteoporosis |
| Hepatobiliary | Uncommon involvement that can present with infiltration of liver, bile duct obstruction, hepatic light chain deposition disease or AL amyloidosis, cirrhosis of liver due to transfusional iron overload | Cholelithiasis, cholestasis, hepatic sequestration crisis, transfusional iron overload, fibrosis and cirrhosis |
| CKD – chronic kidney disease; ESRD – end-stage renal disease. | ||