30 October 2021>: Articles
Herpes Simplex Virus Meningoencephalitis Following Pulse-Dose Methylprednisolone: A Case Report and Literature Review
Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment
Jeffrey Horn A , Jon B. Mullholand A , Saad Ashraf A , David Shore A , Andry Van de Louw A*DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.933847
Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e933847
Table 1. Summary of reported cases of herpes simplex virus meningoencephalitis associated with steroids administration.
Author | Year | Patient age/sex | Steroid | Daily dose, (Prednisone equivalent) | Duration d | Indication for steroids | Associated risk factors | HSV-1/2 | Lymphopenia | Survival |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Doherty et al []13 | 2001 | 81 y/M | Hydrocortisone | 75 mg | 10 | Myxedema coma | Direct CNS insult due to myxedema | N/A | N/A | No |
Jacobs []8 | 1999 | 42 y/F | Dexametha-sone | 50 mg | 30 | Brain metastases (breast) | Whole brain radiation | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Jaques et al []9 | 2016 | 24 y/M | Dexametha-sone | 50 mg | 8 | Brain tumor | Neurosurgery | HSV-1 | N/A | Yes |
53 y/M | Dexametha-sone | 60 mg | 18 | Brain tumor | Neurosurgery | HSV-2 | N/A | Yes | ||
Tan et al []14 | 2012 | 74 y/F | Not specified | N/A | N/A | Polymyositis | Cyclophosphamide | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Sermer et al []15 | 2014 | 55 y/M | Dexametha-sone | 80 mg | 28 | Brain metastases (lung) | Whole brain radiation | HSV-1 | N/A | Yes |
Bewersdorf et al []16 | 2019 | 60 y/F | Prednisolone | 30 mg | N/A | COPD exacerbation | IgG deficiency | HSV-1 | N/A | Yes |
Schiff and Rosenblum []17 | 1998 | 35 y/F | Dexametha-sone | 120 mg | 21 | CNS lymphoma | Radiation/neurosurgery | N/A | Yes | No |
24 y/F | Dexametha-sone | 30 mg | 120 | Glioblastoma | Radiation/neurosurgery/chemotherapy | HSV-1 | Yes | No | ||
Alimohamadi et al []6 | 2004 | 22 y/F | Prednisolone | 20 mg | N/A | Ulcerative colitis | Azathioprine | N/A | No | Yes |
Ng et al []24 | 2019 | 38 y/F | Not specified | N/A | 8 | Glioblastoma | Neurosurgery | HSV-1 | No | No |
McLaughlin et al []10 | 2019 | 72 y/M | Dexametha-sone | 110 mg | 4 | Meningioma | Neurosurgery | HSV-1 | N/A | Yes |
Osterman et al []18 | 2020 | 48 y/F | Not specified | Pulse-dose | 5 | Suspected limbic encephalitis | None but CSF abnormalities present before steroid administration (HSV PCR negative) | HSV-1 | N/A | No |
Silvano et al []19 | 2007 | 55 y/M | Dexametha-sone | 50 mg | N/A | Prophylactic cranial irradiation | Chemotherapy/radiation | HSV-1 | Yes | No |
Riel-Romero and Baumann []20 | 2003 | 15 y/M | Dexametha-sone | 50 mg | N/A | Glioma | Temozolomide/radiation | HSV-1 | N/A | N/A |
Peng et al []21 | 2007 | 61 y/M | Dexametha-sone | 110 mg | 14 | Pituitary adenoma | Neurosurgery/radiation | N/A | Yes | Yes |
Wittles et al []12 | 2011 | 62 y/F | Prednisolone | 1 mg/kg/d | 14 | Panuveitis | Acute retinal necrosis | N/A | N/A | No |
Kim et al []11 | 2012 | 57 y/M | Methylpredni-solone | 1250 mg | 5 | Retinal vasculitis | Acute retinal necrosis | HSV-1 | N/A | Yes |
Lizarraga et al []22 | 2013 | 32 y/F | Dexametha-sone | 110 mg | 77 | Glomus jugulare paraganglioma | Radiation | HSV-1 | N/A | Yes |
Saito et al []7 | 2016 | 77 y/F | Dexametha-sone | 110 mg | N/A | Prophylactic antiemetic | Chemotherapy | HSV-1 | Yes | Yes |
Graber et al []23 | 2011 | 48 y/F | Dexametha-sone | 40 mg | N/A | Brain metastases (lung) | Radiation/chemotherapy | HSV-2 | No | Yes |
55 y/M | Dexametha-sone | 80 mg | N/A | Brain metastases (melanoma) | Radiation | HSV-1 | No | No | ||
45 y/F | Dexametha-sone | 50 mg | N/A | Thyroid cancer | Neurosurgery | HSV-2 | No | No | ||
CNS – central nervous system; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CSF – cerebrospinal fluid; F – Female; HSV – herpes simplex virus; IgG – immunoglobulin G; M – Male; N/A – not available; PCR – polymerase chain reaction. |