16 April 2024
: Case report 
Nivolumab-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Unusual clinical course, Challenging differential diagnosis, Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment, Diagnostic / therapeutic accidents, Adverse events of drug therapy, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)
Francis Ntwali1ABCDEF*, Quentin Gilliaux2A, Patrick M. Honoré1ADOI: 10.12659/AJCR.941835
Am J Case Rep 2024; 25:e941835
Table 3. Cytokine release syndrome grading according to the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy.
| CRS parameter | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fever | Temperature ≥38°C | Temperature ≥38°C | Temperature ≥38°C | Temperature ≥38°C | |
| Hypotension | None | Not requiring vasopressors | Requiring a vasopressor with or without vasopressin | Requiring multiple vasopressors (excluding vasopressin) | |
| Hypoxia | None | Requiring low-flow nasal cannula or blow-by | Requiring high-flow nasal cannula, facemask, nonrebreather mask, or Venturi mask | Requiring positive pressure (eg, CPAP, BiPAP, intubation and mechanical ventilation) | |
| ASTCT – American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy; CRS – cytokine release syndrome; CPAP – continuous positive airway pressure; BiPAP – bilevel positive airway pressure. | |||||