03 February 2025
: Case report 
Insulin Resistance in an Underweight Woman with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case Study
Challenging differential diagnosis, Rare coexistence of disease or pathology
Besa Gacaferri Lumezi ABE 1, Violeta Lokaj-Berisha EF 1*DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.945814
Am J Case Rep 2025; 26:e945814
Table 1. Hormone serum levels in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and oral glucose tolerance test results of 24-years old underweight women with PCOS and insulin resistance.
| Hormones | Serum levels | Normal referent ranges | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FSH (IU/L) | 6.95 | 2.2–15 | ||||||||
| LH (IU/L) | 17.44 | 0.8–18 | ||||||||
| Prolactin (mIU/L) | 641.43 | 30–800 | ||||||||
| Estradiol (pmol/L) | 509.21 | 210–833 | ||||||||
| Progesterone (nmol/L) | 17–75 | |||||||||
| Cortisol, morning (nmol/L) | 671.26 | 260–720 | ||||||||
| Cortisol, evening (nmol/L) | 224.61 | 50–350 | ||||||||
| TSH (nIU/mL) | 1.84 | 0.3–5.0 | ||||||||
| T3 (nmol/L) | 2.03 | 1.3–2.9 | ||||||||
| T4 (nmol/L) | 114.51 | 58–166 | ||||||||
| Total testosterone (nmol/L) | <3 | |||||||||
| Free testosterone (pg/ml) | 2.51 | 0.45–3.17 | ||||||||
| Androstendione (nmol/L) | 0.7–10.8 | |||||||||
| DHEAS (Mmol/L) | 6.18 | 0.81–9 | ||||||||
| SHBG (nM) | 38.74 | 30–100 | ||||||||
| 17 OH progesterone (nmol/L) | 0.45–3.3 | |||||||||
| ACTH (pg/ml) | 16.41 | <40 | ||||||||
| * Day 3 and ** day 25 of the menstrual cycle. FSH – follicle-stimulating hormone; LH – luteinizing hormone; TSH –thyroid-stimulating hormone; T3 – triiodothyronine; T4 – thyroxine; DHEAS – dehydroepiandrosterone; SHBG – sex hormone binding globulin; ACTH – adrenocorticotropic hormone. | ||||||||||
| Oral Glucose Tolerant Test (OGTT) | 0 min | 30 min | 60 min | 120 min | 160 min | 0 min | 30 min | 60 min | 120 min | 160 min |
| Glucose (nmol/L) | 5.7 | 8.6 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 4.4–6.6 | 5.0–7.5 | 5.8–8.8 | 5.0–7.2 | 4.4–6.1 | |
| Insulin (µUI/L) | 22.98 | 7.66 | 5.7–12 | 32–80 | 30–58 | 10.4–24.8 | 3.8–13.2 | |||
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | 2.06 | 5.53 | 6.84 | 4.43 | 2.44 | 1–1.2 | 3.5–10.2 | 6.3–12.1 | 7.2–11.8 | 7.2–11.8 |
| * Day 3 and ** day 25 of the menstrual cycle. FSH – follicle-stimulating hormone; LH – luteinizing hormone; TSH –thyroid-stimulating hormone; T3 – triiodothyronine; T4 – thyroxine; DHEAS – dehydroepiandrosterone; SHBG – sex hormone binding globulin; ACTH – adrenocorticotropic hormone. | ||||||||||