09 December 2025
: Case report 
A Rare Case of Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Following Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in an Elderly Man
Challenging differential diagnosis, Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment, Diagnostic / therapeutic accidents, Rare disease, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)
Weiyong Zhong
ABCDEF 1, Feihong Xu BCD 1, Shujiang Ye CDE 1, Yu Liu BCD 1, Wei Zhao BCD 2, Zhenquan Lu AEF 1, Lin Xiong CDF 1, Xiang Xu ABCDEFG 1*
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.949018
Am J Case Rep 2025; 26:e949018
Table 3 Key decision indicators.
| Criterion | Conservative therapy | Nephrectomy |
|---|---|---|
| CT grade | 1–2 | 3 |
| High-risk factors | Absent | Present (eg, shock, AKI) |
| Renal function | Salvageable | Non-viable |