11 August 2025
: Case report 
Complex Interplay Between Sweet Syndrome and Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndrome After B-Cell Lymphoma Treatment: A Case Report
Unusual clinical course, Challenging differential diagnosis, Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment, Diagnostic / therapeutic accidents, Adverse events of drug therapy, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)
Hiroto Yamashita AE 1, Shuhei Kurosawa AE 1,2*, Yukari Hamamura B 3, Yoko Tateishi B 4, Hiroyuki Hayashi B 4, Takeshi Kambara B 3, Tomonori Nakazato AD 1DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.949165
Am J Case Rep 2025; 26:e949165
Table 1 Concurrent cases of Sweet syndrome and therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome in the setting of malignancy.
| []4 | []5 | []6 | []7 | Present case | |
| Japan | Greece | United States | United States | Japan | |
| 52/Male | 17/Male | 79/Male | 70/Female | 86/Female | |
| Anaplastic astrocytoma | Hodgkin’s lymphoma | Marginal zone lymphoma | Uterine cancer | Primary rectal lymphoma | |
| Gross total resectionChemotherapy (ACNU)Radiation* | ChemotherapyRadiationSplenectomy** | Not described | HysterectomyRadiation | Chemotherapy (Bendamustine, Rituximab)*** | |
| 42 months | Not described | Not described | Not described | 6 months | |
| 2 years post-tMDS | Post-tMDS | 3 years post-tMDS | Not described | Pre-diagnosis of tMDS | |
| Neuro-SS | COP | Perihilar airspace disease | CDI | Cytomegalovirus viremiaAspergillus brain abscess | |
| Corticosteroid | Corticosteroid | Corticosteroid | ColchicineCorticosteroidDecitabine | ColchicineCorticosteroidAzacitidine | |
| Resolved | Resolved | Not described | Not described | Resolved | |
| Stable disease | Progressed to AML | Stable disease | Progressed to AML | Stable disease | |
| Alive | Deceased (AML and sepsis) | Deceased (Respiratory failure) | Deceased (Pneumonia) | Deceased (Aspergillus brain abscess) | |
| ACNU – nimustine hydrochloride; AML – acute myeloid leukemia; CDI – infection; COP – cryptogenic organizing pneumonia; MDS – myelodysplastic syndromes; tMDS – therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes; SS – Sweet syndrome. * 15 cycles; ** 6 cycles of mustargen, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone/adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine, and 9 cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone; *** 6 cycles. | |||||