10 November 2025
: Case report 
Preoperative Virtual Planning Combined with 3D-Printed Surgical Guide Technology for Correction of Shepherd’s Crook Deformity: A Case Report
Rare disease
Jiayi Wu ABCDEF 1, Haotian Zhu ABCDEF 2, Bo Shang BCF 1, Junjun Liang BC 1, Yunjin Long BC 3, Huanwen Ding ABCDEFG 1,2*, Han Yan ABCDEFG 1DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.949433
Am J Case Rep 2025; 26:e949433
Table 1 Summary of preoperative 3D anatomic measurement parameters.
| Parameter | Right side | Left side |
|---|---|---|
| Femoral sagittal plane angle | 2.13° | 29.23° |
| Femoral frontal (coronal) plane angle | 51.49° | 47.94° |
| Anterior tilt angle | 0.18° | 2.64° |
| Neck-shaft angle | 63.20° | 31.42° |
| Femoral angle | 75.59° | 70.77° |
| Angle between force line and axis | 19.52° | 12.87° |
| Tibial angle | 88.76° | 86.19° |
| Bone-tibial angle | 170.03° | 169.02° |
| Hip-knee condylar angle | 176.21° | 175.29° |
| Lower-limb length | 683.63 mm | 704.85 mm |