Atypical Presentation of Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis as Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Case Report

09 November 2025 : Case report Saudi Arabia

Challenging differential diagnosis, Rare disease

Bayan Alalawi^{ABEF 1*}, Feras Beitar^{ABEF 1}, Salma Alalawi^{ABEF 1}, Hamza Alhariri^{AE 2}

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.949451

Am J Case Rep 2025; 26:e949451

Authors information Article notes Copyright and License information

Introduction Case Report Discussion Conclusions References

Related articles Order reprints Share article Share by email

View HTML version

Table 2 Laboratory tests for infectious diseases.

Infectious test	Type	Blood	Cerebrospinal fluid	Reference
Herpes simplex virus – 1	PCR		Not detected	Not detected
Herpes simplex virus – 2	PCR		Not detected	Not detected
Streptococcus pneumonia	PCR		Not detected	Not detected
Varicella zoster virus	PCR		Not detected	Not detected
Human herpes virus – 6	PCR		Not detected	Not detected
Listeria monocytogenes	PCR		Not detected	Not detected
Cytomegalovirus	PCR		Not detected	Not detected
MM Meningitis/encephalitis multiplex	PCR JD		Not detected	Not detected
	PCR		Not detected	Not detected
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)	PCR		Not detected	Not detected
Hepatitis B antigen (HBAg)	Antigen	Nonreactive		Nonreactive
Hepatitis B core (HBcAb)	Antibody	Nonreactive		Nonreactive
Hepatitis B surface (HBsAb)	Antibody	126.80		0.0~1000 mlU/mL
Malaria smear	Smear	Negative		Negative
Malaria antibody	Antibody	Negative		Negative
Epstein Barr virus (EBV-IgM)	Antibody	Negative		Negative
Epstein Barr virus (EBV-IgG)	Antibody	233		~<20 U/mL is negative
Herpes simplex virus (HSV I/II IgM)	Antibody	Negative		Negative
Herpes simplex virus (HSV I/II IgG)	Antibody	Positive		Negative
VZV-IgM	Antibody	Negative		Negative
VZV-IgG	Antibody	1497
Influenza-A	PCR	Negative		Negative
Influenza-B	PCR	Negative		Negative
Influenza-A H1N1	PCR	Not detected		Not detected

Back to the Article