17 July 2026
: Case report 
Two Cases of Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Severe Pulmonary Complications From Plasmodium falciparum in Tanzania
Unusual clinical course, Challenging differential diagnosis, Management of emergency care, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)
Hilary Chipongo EF 1*, Samina Chaki
AB 2, Esmail Sangey CD 1, Ronald Mclarty F 2, Rawya S.A. Baabde BEF 1, Kaushik Ramaiya ACE 3
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.951737
Am J Case Rep 2026; 27:e951737
Table 3 Summary of published case reports of malaria-associated ARDS and reported outcomes.
| Author and year | Age (y) | Presentation | Management | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elzein et al, 2017 []7 | 29 | Fever, flue-like symptoms, dyspnoea | Mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, artesunate-based therapy | Discharged after 21 days in ICU |
| 23 | Fever, headache, nausea | BPAP, artesunate-based therapy | Discharged after 10 days | |
| 29 | Confusion, urinary incontinence | Blood transfusion, artesunate-based therapy, High flow nasal canula | Discharged after 10 days | |
| Mohanty and Nandeeshwara 2019 []6 | 34 | Fever, vomiting, nausea | Mechanical ventilation, artesunate-based therapy, prone positioning | Discharged after 30 days |
| Monti, 2019 []8 | 42 | Headache, fever, pleural effusion | Artesunate-based therapy, prednisolone | Discharged after 10 days |
| Sanclemente-Cardoza et al, 2025 []11 | 21 | Fever, | Mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis | Death |
| Hilary et al, 2025 (the present case) | 6 | Vomiting | Artesunate-based therapy, modified proning | Discharged |
| 39 | Difficulty in breathing | Artesunate-based therapy, haemodialysis, modified proning | Discharged | |
| Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unit. | ||||