19 September 2026
: Case report 
Pulsed Radiofrequency of the Sacral Dorsal Root Ganglia as a Potential Rescue Therapy for Refractory Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Case Series
Unknown etiology, Challenging differential diagnosis, Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment, Clinical situation which can not be reproduced for ethical reasons
Paweł Gogol
ABCDEF 1,2,3*, Małgorzata Gierczak B 4, Robert Szczepaniak E 1,2, Rafał Wiśniewski E 1,2, Michał Sobstyl F 5, Rafał Pasztaleniec E 6, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek CE 7
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.954251
Am J Case Rep 2026; 27:e954251
Figure 2 Fluoroscopic guidance during bilateral pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment of the sacral (S2–S4) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in Case 2. (A) Anteroposterior fluoroscopic view showing radiofrequency needle placement with contrast medium outlining the posterior sacral foramen and confirming epineural spread around the target nerve root; a Foley catheter balloon is visible within the bladder and was used as an anatomical landmark. (B) Anteroposterior fluoroscopic view after bilateral needle placement within the sacral posterior foramina, prior to sensory and motor stimulation testing and delivery of PRF current. PRF, pulsed radiofrequency; DRG, dorsal root ganglion; S2–S4, second to fourth sacral spinal levels.