24 November 2020
: Case report
A 45-Year-Old Man with Scleroderma Renal Crisis Associated with a History of Systemic Sclerosis Sine Scleroderma
Challenging differential diagnosis, Unusual setting of medical care, Rare disease
Panupong Hansrivijit1ABCDEF*, Kelechi F. Omeonu1BCDEF, Halimat O. Lawal1BCD, Mounika Gangireddy1BCD, Kinjal P. Gadhiya1BCD, Ravinder S. Dhatt1BCDDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.927030
Am J Case Rep 2020; 21:e927030
Table 3. Etiologies of thrombotic microangiopathy.
Etiologies | Example |
---|---|
Hematologic | DIC |
STEC-HUS | |
PNC-HUS | |
TTP | |
Infection | HIV |
Others | |
Auto-immune | SLE |
Antiphospholipid | |
SRC | |
Glomerular | IgA nephropathy |
ANCA-GN | |
FSGS | |
MN | |
MPGN/C3G | |
Transplant | BMT |
SOT | |
Severe hypertension | |
Malignancy | |
Pregnancy | |
Hereditary | MMACHC gene |
DGKE gene | |
INF2 gene | |
Drug-induced | Quinine |
CNIs | |
Sirolimus | |
Interferons | |
VEGF inhibitors | |
Chemotherapy | |
Cocaine | |
Ticlopidine | |
ANCA-GN – antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis; BMT – bone marrow transplant; CNI – calcineurin inhibitors; DIC – disseminated intravascular coagulation; FSGS – focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; HIV – human immunodeficiency virus; MN – membranous nephropathy; MPGN/C3G – membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis/C3 glomerulopathy; PNC-HUS – pneumococcal hemolytic uremic syndrome; SLE – systemic lupus erythematosus; SOT – solid-organ transplant; SRC – scleroderma renal crisis; STEC-HUS – shiga-toxin producing -hemolytic uremic syndrome; TTP – thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. * e.g. cyclosporine, tacrolimus; ** e.g. bevacizumab, sunitinib; *** e.g. gemcitabine, mitomycin. |