24 November 2020
: Case report 
A 45-Year-Old Man with Scleroderma Renal Crisis Associated with a History of Systemic Sclerosis Sine Scleroderma
Challenging differential diagnosis, Unusual setting of medical care, Rare disease
Panupong Hansrivijit1ABCDEF*, Kelechi F. Omeonu1BCDEF, Halimat O. Lawal1BCD, Mounika Gangireddy1BCD, Kinjal P. Gadhiya1BCD, Ravinder S. Dhatt1BCDDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.927030
Am J Case Rep 2020; 21:e927030
Table 3. Etiologies of thrombotic microangiopathy.
| Etiologies | Example |
|---|---|
| Hematologic | DIC |
| STEC-HUS | |
| PNC-HUS | |
| TTP | |
| Infection | HIV |
| Others | |
| Auto-immune | SLE |
| Antiphospholipid | |
| SRC | |
| Glomerular | IgA nephropathy |
| ANCA-GN | |
| FSGS | |
| MN | |
| MPGN/C3G | |
| Transplant | BMT |
| SOT | |
| Severe hypertension | |
| Malignancy | |
| Pregnancy | |
| Hereditary | MMACHC gene |
| DGKE gene | |
| INF2 gene | |
| Drug-induced | Quinine |
| CNIs | |
| Sirolimus | |
| Interferons | |
| VEGF inhibitors | |
| Chemotherapy | |
| Cocaine | |
| Ticlopidine | |
| ANCA-GN – antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis; BMT – bone marrow transplant; CNI – calcineurin inhibitors; DIC – disseminated intravascular coagulation; FSGS – focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; HIV – human immunodeficiency virus; MN – membranous nephropathy; MPGN/C3G – membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis/C3 glomerulopathy; PNC-HUS – pneumococcal hemolytic uremic syndrome; SLE – systemic lupus erythematosus; SOT – solid-organ transplant; SRC – scleroderma renal crisis; STEC-HUS – shiga-toxin producing -hemolytic uremic syndrome; TTP – thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. * e.g. cyclosporine, tacrolimus; ** e.g. bevacizumab, sunitinib; *** e.g. gemcitabine, mitomycin. |