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17 January 2021: Articles

Pediatric Fulminant Cerebellitis Is Still a Fatal Disease that We Know Little About! Two Case Reports and a Literature Review

Unusual clinical course, Challenging differential diagnosis, Rare disease

Hakem Alomani A* , Muhammad Arshad E , Mahmoud Elzonfly B , Ali Ahmad Aldakhil B , Abdullah H. Alharbi B , Abdulrahman Alasqah B , Bandar Rashed Alfheed C , Hesham Aldhalaan A

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.928370

Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e928370

Table 1. Summary and findings of case reports in the literature review of fulminant cerebellitis (total 11 cases).

AuthorCountryPublication yearAge in yrsGenderPresenting symptomsNeurological findingsCSF study
Wege L. et al.Poland20104BoyHeadache VomitingGait disorderNo feverAtaxiaUnremarkable
De Mendoca J. et al.Brazil200511GirlHeadacheVomitingNo FeverNormalNot done
De Mendoca J. et al.Brazil20059BoyHeadacheVomitingNo FeverNeck stiffnessNot done
Kamat M. et al.India20099BoyHeadacheVomitingGait disorder feverAtaxiaBilateral RectalPalsyPapilledemaUnremarkable
Elad L. et al.USA200113GirlHeadacheGait disorderFixed dilated pupilsUnremarkable
De Ribaupierre S. et al.Switzerland20056GirlHeadache Vomiting PhotophobiaNormalUnremarkable
Kornreich L. et al.Israel20163GirlFeverAbnormal gaitSlow speechDecrease tone in Rt upper and lower limbsUnremarkable
Kornreich L. et al.Israel20165BoyAbnormal gaitVomitingAtaxiaUnremarkable
Kornreich L. et al.Israel20167GirlHeadacheVomitingAtaxiaTorticollisUnremarkable
Kornreich L. et al.Israel20169BoyHeadacheVomitingPhotophobianormalPositive for HSV (serology)
De Ribaupierre S. et al.Switzerland200514GirlHeadache photophobia nauseaNormalUnremarkable
AuthorBrain image findingMedical interventionSurgical interventionOutcomeRemarks
Wege L. et al.CT: Dilated supratentorial ventricular system.Swelling of both cerebellar hemispheres.Cerebellar tonsillar herniationIVIGOthers: Not clearDecompressive craniotomySurvivedNo neurological deficit
De Mendoca J. et al.MRI: Swelling of Rt cerebellar hemisphere.Compressed 4 ventricleNO hydrocephalusAntibiotic antiviralNoneSurvivedNo neurological deficitUnilateral cerebellitis
De Mendoca J. et al.MRI: Swelling of Rt cerebellar hemisphere.Compressed 4 ventricleNO hydrocephalusAntibiotic antiviralNoneSurvivedNo neurological deficitUnilateral cerebellitis
Kamat M. et al.MRI: 4 ventricle obstruction.Hydrocephalus.Swelling of both cerebellar hemispheressteroidVP shuntDiedFamily refusedDecompressivecraniotomy
Elad L. et al.CT: Hydrocephalus with 4 ventricle obstruction. Diffused swelling of both cerebellar hemispheresMannitol steroidVP shuntDied
De Ribaupierre S. et al.CT: showed posterior fossa meningeal enhancement and diffuse cerebellar swelling, with a slight upward trans-tentorial and downward trans-foramen magnum herniationDexamethasoneVP shuntDecompressive craniotomyResection of cerebellar tonsilsSurvivedNo neurological deficitFollow-up period: 19 months
Kornreich L. et al.MRI: Swelling of Rt cerebellar hemisphereSteroid acyclovirNoneSurvived With neurological deficit (Right hand tremor, mildmotor clumsiness, mild speech delay)Follow-up period: 156 months
Kornreich L. et al.MRI: Diffuse Swelling, cerebellar hemispheres.Tonsillar herniationSteroidDoxycyclineAcyclovirNoneSurvivedWith neurological deficit. (Ataxia, dysarthria)Follow-up period: 7 months
Kornreich L. et al.MRI: Swelling of both cerebellar hemispheres.Mild Tonsillar herniationSteroidMannitolAcyclovirAzithromycinNoneSurvivedWith NO neurological deficitFollow-up period: 2 months
Kornreich L. et al.MRI: Diffused swelling of both cerebellar hemispheres. mild Tonsillar herniationSteroidMannitolAcyclovirDoxycyclineVP shuntSurvivedWith NO neurological deficitFollow-up period: 34 months
De Ribaupierre S. et al.CT: showed fullness of the posterior fossa, slight upward trans-tentorial and downward transforamen magnum herniation and hydrocephalusMRI showed bilateral cerebellar hemisphere hyperintensities on fluid-attenuated conversion recovery (FLAIR) sequencesDexamethasoneVP shuntDecompressive craniotomyResection of cerebellar tonsilsSurvivedNo neurological deficitFollow-up period: 13 months

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American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923
American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923