A Case of Rapid Transformation from Hydatidiform Mole to Invasive Mole: The Importance of β-hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) Serum Levels in Follow-Up Evaluation

Ali Budi Harsono; Yudi Mulyana Hidayat; Gatot Nyarumenteng Adhipurnawan Winarno; Aisyah Shofiatun Nisa; Firas Farisi Alkaff

doi:10.12659/AJCR.931156

15 June 2021 : Case report Indonesia

A Case of Rapid Transformation from Hydatidiform Mole to Invasive Mole: The Importance of β-hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) Serum Levels in Follow-Up Evaluation

Unusual setting of medical care, Rare disease, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)

Ali Budi Harsono^1ABCDEFG, Yudi Mulyana Hidayat^1CDG, Gatot Nyarumenteng Adhipurnawan Winarno^1EF*, Aisyah Shofiatun Nisa^1EF, Firas Farisi Alkaff^2EF

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.931156

Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e931156

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Background Case Report Discussion Conclusions References:

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Table 2. Biomarkers that have been suggested to plays a role in the transformation from hydatidiform mole to invasive mole.

Name of biomarker	Function	Normal placenta	Complete Hydatidiform Mole	Invasive Mole	Molar Malignancies
p57KIP2 [,,]¹⁶	Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor in the G1/S phase cycle	Increased	Decreased/absent	Decreased/absent	Absent
P53 tumor suppresor [,]¹⁷	Inhibiting the progression of the cell cycle in the G1→S phase/proapoptotic agent	Decreased	Increased	Higly increased	Higly increased
GTPase-activating proteins []¹⁸	Inhibiting the throphoblast proliferation	Highly increased	Increased	Unknown	Absent
protein c-erbB2 [,]¹⁹	Overexpression of the protein c-erb-B-2 was significantly more substantial in the complete hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma than in normal placenta and partial mole. This overexpression is due to the extravillous invasion of complete hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Overexpression of c-erb-B-2 may be associated with high proliferation and aggressive behavior of complete hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma	Decreased	Increased	Highly increased	Highly increased
Bcl-2 []²⁰	Antiapoptotic agent	Highly increased	Decreased	Decreased	Absent
Bax []²¹	proapoptotic agent	Decreased/absent	Increased	Unknown	Highly increased
MMPs [,]²²	Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a involved in the degradation of the protein matrix to allow trophoblastic invasion of maternal tissue	Decreased/ absent	Increased	Increased	Highly increased
TIMPs [,]²²	Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have an ability to inhibit MMP activity related to tumor growth and metastasis	Increased	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased

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A Case of Rapid Transformation from Hydatidiform Mole to Invasive Mole: The Importance of β-hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) Serum Levels in Follow-Up Evaluation

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