20 January 2022
: Case report 
A Missed Case of Area Postrema Syndrome Presenting with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Mistake in diagnosis, Rare disease
Faisal Khan1ABCDEF*, Neha Sharma2ABCDEF, Moin Ud Din2ABCDEF, Munmun Aziz3ABCDEFDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.934649
Am J Case Rep 2022; 23:e934649
Table 1. Differential diagnoses of acute/subacute diencephalic syndrome.
| Etiology | Diagnosis |
|---|---|
| Atypical multiple sclerosis | |
| Site-restricted acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (Pediatrics) | |
| Neuro-Behcet’s syndrome | |
| Sjogren’s syndrome | |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | |
| Cytomegalovirus | |
| Cysticercosis | |
| Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | |
| Influenza A | |
| Parainfluenza | |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | |
| John Cunningham virus (JC virus) (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) | |
| Mycobacteria tuberculosis | |
| Anti-Ma2 encephalitis | |
| Craniopharyngioma | |
| Glioblastoma multiforme | |
| Gliomatosis cerebri | |
| Primary central nervous system lymphoma | |
| Osmotic demyelination syndrome | |
| Wilson’s disease | |
| Krabbe’s disease | |
| Fabry’s disease | |
| Gangliosidosis | |
| Fahr’s disease | |
| Artery of percheron stroke | |
| Meso-diencephalic syndrome | |
| Top of the basilar syndrome | |
| Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis | |
| Vein of Galen (infarct or arteriovenous fistula) | |
| Subacute diencephalic angioencephalopathy | |
| Wernicke’s encephalopathy | |
| Carbon monoxide poisoning | |
| Chemotherapy/Radiation therapy | |
| Lead poisoning | |
| Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia (PAID) syndrome |