04 April 2022>: Articles
Management of an Extensive Intraparotid and Auricular Arteriovenous Malformation
Rare disease
Sze Ying Yee E* , Shuyi Guo E , Chi Long Ho EDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.935337
Am J Case Rep 2022; 23:e935337
Table 1. Schobinger staging of arteriovenous malformation.
Stage | Nature | Clinical findings | Intervention [3] |
---|---|---|---|
I | Quiescent | Warm and discolored skin | No, observation |
II | Expansile | Bruit/thrill, pulsation and swelling | Yes, based on symptoms |
III | Destructive | Pain, dystrophic skin, ulceration, bleeding | Yes |
IV | Decompensation | Cardiac failure | Yes |