29 August 2022
: Case report 
Metachronous Testicular Metastases from Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC): A Case Report and Literature Review
Rare disease
Alice Laffi1ABEF*, Gabriele Cozzi
2ABEF, Francesca Spada1E, Nicola Fazio1E, Alexia Francesca Bertuzzi3E, Armando Santoro34D
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.936552
Am J Case Rep 2022; 23:e936552
Table 1. Cases of testis metastases of Merkel cell carcinoma reported in literature. Clinical, pathological, and therapeutic features of the MCC cases are reported. In last column, we reported (when available) the survival of the patients after the testis metastasis detection.
| Yr | Case report | Primary | Age | Stage at diagnosis | M+ | Treatment | Adjuvant treatment | Time to testis metastasis development from diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Ro et al (Case 1) []7 | Upper lip | 73 | Locally advanced | None | Surgery | Radiotherapy of the primary and the lymph nodes | 18 months |
| 1990 | Ro et al (Case 2) []7 | Left elbow | 47 | Local | None | Surgery | Radiotherapy + chemotherapy (vincristine, adriamycin, cytoxan) | 12 months15 months |
| 2004 | Rufini et al []8 | None | 38 | Advanced | Right inguinal and paraaortic lymph nodes | Chemotherapy (carboplatin + taxol + etoposide ×4) | None | 2 months |
| 2006 | Gleason et al []9 | Right buttock | 53 | Advanced | Right shoulder. Lung mediastinum. Right inguinofemoral lymph nodes | Chemotherapy (cisplatin + etoposide) and palliative radiotherapy | None | 22 months |
| 2006 | Schwindl et al []10 | Right lower arm | 70 | Locally advanced | None | Surgery | Radiotherapy of the primary and the lymph nodes | Almost 10 months |
| 2006 | Tummala et al []11 | Left forearm | 54 | Local | None | Surgery | Radiotherapy of the primary and the lymph nodes + chemotherapy (carboplatin + etoposide x 4) | Almost 5 months |
| 2007 | Whitman et al []12 | Right gluteal region | 70 | Locally advances | None | Surgery of the primary and the lymph nodes | Refused | 15 months |
| 2016 | Mweempwa et al []13 | None | 66 | Advanced | Left testicle | Surgery | None | 0 months3 months |
| 2020 | Gigliano et al []14 | Left wrist | 58 | Locally advanced | None | Surgery | Radiotherapy of the primary and the lymph nodes + chemotherapy (cisplatinum+ etoposide) | 37 months |
| 2020 | Moscoloni et al []15 | Right thigh | 65 | Local | None | Surgery | Radiotherapy + chemotherapy | 1 month |
| Yr – year; MCC – Merkel cell carcinoma; M+ – metastasis; M1 – metastatic stage; NED – no evidence of disease. | ||||||||
| Yr | Testicular M+ onset | Stage at the time of testis metastases detection | Medical therapy after orchiectomy | Radiotherapy after orchiectomy | State(time of follow-up after testis metastases detection) | |||
| 1990 | Right testis | M1 (liver and subcutaneous) | Palliative chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dacarbazine. | None | Dead (6 months) | |||
| 1990 | Right testisLeft testis | NED | None | None | Alive (14 months) | |||
| 2004 | M1 (abdominal lymph nodes) | None | None | Dead (8 months) | ||||
| 2006 | Left testicular | M1 (lung, liver, lymph nodes) | None | Palliative radiotherapy for metastatic spread | Dead (12 months) | |||
| 2006 | Right testis | M1 (lymph nodes) | Palliative chemotherapy (cisplatin/etoposide) | None | Dead (14 month) | |||
| 2006 | Right testis | NED | None | None | Alive (36 months) | |||
| 2007 | Right testis. | NED | None | None | Alive (6 months) | |||
| 2016 | Left testisRight testis | NED | Adjuvant chemotherapy (carboplatin/etoposide) | None | Alive (18 months) | |||
| 2020 | Left testis | NED | None | None | Alive (47 months) | |||
| 2020 | Right testis | NED | Immunotherapy | None | Unknown | |||
| Yr – year; MCC – Merkel cell carcinoma; M+ – metastasis; M1 – metastatic stage; NED – no evidence of disease. | ||||||||