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10 April 2024 : Case report  Japan

A Rare Cause of Empyema and Bacteremia Due to Shewanella Species in Alcoholic Cirrhosis Patients: A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of Literature

Unusual clinical course

Bohui Qian1BCDEF, Kazuhiro Ishikawa1ABDEF*, Tomoaki Nakamura2CDEF, Katsuhito Kinoshita2CDEF, Tetsuhiro Masaki1CF, Takahiro Matsuo1ADE, Fujimi Kawai ORCID logo3ABF, Nobuyoshi Mori ORCID logo1DE

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.941952

Am J Case Rep 2024; 25:e941952

Table 3. Baseline characteristics, management/treatment, and prognosis of patients with Shewanella spp. bacteremia.

Case NoCase reference published yearPublished countryAge, sexUnderlying diseaseChief complaintType of infectionSpecimen
1Kazami Y, 2020 []8 Japan66 y, MEsophagus cancerSSI, septic shockSSTI, bacteremiaBlood, drainage, surgical site
2Kitaoka M, 2019 []9 Japan60 y, MHCCFeverCholangitis, bacteremiaBlood, bile
3Kitaoka M, 2019 []9 Japan76 y, MCholangiocarcinomaFever, septic shockCholangitis, bacteremiaBlood
4Kitaoka M, 2019 []9 Japan76 y, MCholangiocarcinomaFeverCholangitis, bacteremiaBlood
5Kimura H, 2018 []10 Japan66 y, MCKD on HD, cirrhosis, DM, colon cancerFever, redness of handSSTI, bacteremiaBlood
6Takata T, 2017 []11 Japan71 y, MCKDNausea, abdominal painIE, bacteremiaBlood
7Roger SD, 1991 []12 Australia62 y, MCKD on PDProductive cough, acute arthritis of wrist and ankle, right upper quadrant abdominal painOligoarthritis, bacteremiaBlood, sputum
8Iwata M, 1999 []13 Japan64 y, FCKD on HDFever, general fatiguebacteremiaBlood
9Bhandari S, 2000 []14 Australia69 y, MCKD on PD, CABG, DMFever, chills, upper abdominal pain, dyspnea, general fatigueSplenic abscess, bacteremiaBlood, peritoneal fluid, splenic abscess
10Jammula P, 2003 []15 USA58 y, MCKD on HDPain of arm, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfortMyonecrosis, bacteremiaBlood, aspirate of bulbous lesions and tissue culture
11Yim SY, 2010 []16 Korea67 y, MCKD on PD, chronic glomerulonephritis, CAPD peritonitisFever, abdominal painNecrotizing fasciitis, peritonitis, bacteremiaBlood, peritoneal fluid
12Shrishrimal K, 2012 []17 USA78 y, MDM, peripheral vascular disease, CKD on HD (tunneled HD catheter), brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistulaFeverBacteremiaBlood, tip of catheter
13Lee WS, 2016 []18 Taiwan82 y, FCKD on HD, cervical cancer, hydronephrosisFever, chillsBacteremiaBlood
14Kinjo M, 2017 []19 Japan83 y, MCOPDDyspnea, chest painEmpyema, bacteremiaBlood, pleural effusion
15Kanameishi S, 2016 []20 Japan70 y, MStasis dermatitis, MIRedness and swelling of legSSTI, bacteremiaBlood
16Uemura M, 2013 []21 Japan75 y, MCholangiocarcinomaFeverCholangitis, bacteremiaBlood
17Liu P-Y, 2013 []22 Taiwan80 y, MAmpullary carcinomaNACholangitisBlood
18Liu P-Y, 2013 []22 Taiwan91 y, MCholangiocarcinomaNACholangitisBlood
19Liu P-Y, 2013 []22 Taiwan77 y, MCBD stone, HBVNACholangitisBlood
20Liu P-Y, 2013 []22 Taiwan66 y, MHepatoma, LC, HBVNAInfected bilomaBlood
21Liu P-Y 2013 []22 Taiwan81 y, MHepatomaNALiver abscessBlood
22Liu P-Y, 2013 []22 Taiwan55 y, MLC, HBVNACellulitisBlood
23Liu P-Y, 2013 []22 Taiwan71 y, FLung cancerNABacteremiaBlood
24Liu P-Y, 2013 []22 Taiwan68 y, MGall bladder stoneNACholecystitisBlood
25Liu P-Y 2013 []22 Taiwan47 y, MHepatoma, LC, HCV, DMNABacteremiaBlood
26Fukunaga M, 2013 []23 Japan84 y, MDM, gastric cancer, cecal cancer, choledocholithiasisFever, epigastric pain, loss of appetiteCholecystitis, bacteremiaBlood, bile
27Fukunaga M, 2013 []23 Japan74 y, FDM, autoimmune pancreatitisFeverBacteremiaBlood
28Munetsugu T, 2012 []24 Japan76 y, FPancreatic cancerPain and swelling of legSSTI, bacteremiaSkin, blood
29Tadera K, 2010 []25 Japan82 y, MCHFPain of legSSTI, bacteremiaAbscess, blood
30Shimizu T, 2009 []26 Japan89 y, MIE, CKD, AMI, MR, HT, bladder cancerFever, backache, anorexiaVertebral osteomyelitisBlood
31Otsuka T, 2007 []27 Japan67 y, Mdistal gastrectomy, primary sclerosing cholangitis, LCFever, general fatigue, pain and rash of legSSTI, bacteremiaBlood
32Bernshteyn M, 2020 []28 USA58 y, MAtopic dermatitis, psoriasis on risankizumab, HTSwelling of legSSTI, osteomyelitis, bacteremiaBlood, wound
33Hussain A, 2020 []29 UK75 y, MDM, extensive psoriasis, CKD, diabetic foot ulcerSwelling of legSSTI, bacteremiaBlood
34Bridwell RE, 2019 []30 NA24 y, MNASwelling of leg and genitalsSSTI, bacteremiaBlood
35Talbot Z, 2019 []31 USA69 y, MDM, peripheral arterial disease, HT, HL, obesity, CKDRecurrent syncopal episodesSSTIBlood, wound
36Bauer MJ, 2019 []32 USA26 y, MNoneWatery diarrhea, abdominal pain, nonproductive cough, myalgias, swelling and pain of legBacteremia, SSTIBlood, wound
37Bauer MJ, 2019 []32 USA24 y, MNoneNABacteremia, SSTIBlood, wound
38Latif A, 2019 []33 USA70 y, MCAD, alcoholic cirrhosis, TIPSShortness of breathSSTI, bacteremia, CHFBlood
39Brugnaro P, 2019 []34 Italy74 y, MChronic phlebitis, recurrent cellulitisSwelling and pain of leg, feverSSTI, bacteremiaBlood, wound
40Raja M, 2018 []35 USA51 y, MNAPain, swelling, redness and a blister formation over legSSTI, bacteremiaBlood, wound
41Ullah S, 2018 []36 USA84 y, MBleeding peptic ulcer disease, CKD, COPD, stroke, prostate cancer, Paget’s diseaseFever, productive cough, generalized fatiguePneumoniae, bacteremiaBlood, sputum
42Martín- -Rodríguez AJ, 2019 []37 USA68 y, MHT, DM, dyslipidemia, CADFeverBacteremiaBlood
43Martín- -Rodríguez AJ, 2019 []37 USA56 y, FHT, ischemic cardiomyopathy, DM, CADfeverbacteremiablood
44Martín- -Rodríguez AJ, 2019 []37 USA32 y, FSevere asthma, hiatal hernia, GERD, obesity, hyperchole-sterolemiaFeverBacteremiaBlood
45Martín- -Rodríguez AJ, 2019 []37 USA64 y, MLung cancer, DM, asthmaPericardial effusion and pericarditisBacteremia, pericarditisBlood
46Martín- -Rodríguez AJ, 2019 []37 USA80 y, FColon and cervix carcinoma, cholecystectomy, pancreatic mass of unknown originNausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal painBacteremiaBlood
47Martín- -Rodríguez AJ, 2019 []37 USA67 y, FDM, CKD, HT, CADSepsisBacteremiaBlood
48Martín- -Rodríguez AJ, 2019 []37 USA74 y, MHT, colon carcer, liver and lung metastases, cholecystectomyHigh fever, vomiting, diarrhea, unconsciousness, dehydrationBacteremiaBlood
49Martín- -Rodríguez AJ, 2019 []37 USA70 y, MHT, AF, CADFeverBacteremiaBlood
50Ranjan R, 2017 []38 India24 y, MHead injuryNABacteremiaBlood
51Davidson NL, 2017 []39 Australia69 y, MCellulitis, CAD, MVR, AVR, pacemaker, prostate cancer, splenectomyFever, nausea, presyncopeBacteremia, SSTI, septic arthritisBlood
52Giroux PA, 2017 []40 France67 y, MDMFever, swollen erythematous of gluteal regionSSTI, bacteremiaBlood
53Brulliard C, 2017 []41 France83 y, FNoneNausea, vomiting, dehydration, loss of consciousnessSSTI, bacteremiaBlood
54Tang TH, 2016 []42 China65 y, MHT, DM, HL, nephrotic syndrome, CKD, CHFFever, chill, dyspnea, orthopnea, swelling of anklesScrotal abscess, Fournier’s gangreneBlood, scrotal fluid, scrotal tissue
55Rajchgot J, 2016 []43 Canada65 y, MDM, foot ulceration, HT, CKDFever, chillSSTI, bacteremiaBlood
56Kim BK, 2014 []44 Korea57 y, MLC, DMHematemesisBacteremia, SBPBlood, ascites
57Constant J, 2014 []45 USA40 y, MSeizure disorder, HL, asthma, bronchitis, sleep apnea, HT, hypothyroidism, osteoarthritis, DMSwelling, calor, numbness, and pain of handIEBlood
58Jacob-Kokura S, 2014 []7 USA25 y, MNoneBeing shot through the chest with a bulletEmpyema, bacteremiaBlood, pleural fluid
59Ananth AL, 2014 []46 USA72 y, MHT, AF, chronic venous stasis, ulcer of leg, morbid obesityPain, redness and swelling of leg, fever, palpitationSSTI, bacteremiaBlood
60Yiallouros P, 2013 []47 Cyprus4 y, MNoneDiarrhea, shivering, stomachacheIleitis, bacteremiaBlood
61García-Fragoso L, 2012 []48 Puerto Rico0 y, MLow birth weight infant, hyaline membrane diseaseNABacteremiaBlood
62Myung DS, 2009 []49 Korea58 y, MLCSwelling and pain of footBacteremia, SSTIBlood, bulla aspirate, tissue
63Tsai MS, 2008 []50 Taiwan42 y, MHBV, LCFever, swelling of legBacteremia, SSTIBlood, tissue
64Vandepitte J, 1978 []51 Belgium73 y, FAnemia, CKDFever, leg ulcersBacteremia, SSTIBlood, wound
65Schmidt U, 1979 []52 USA63 y, MLeg ulcers, CHF, LC, gouty arthritisFever, leg ulcersBacteremia, SSTIBlood, wound
66Eschete ML, 1980 []53 USA67 y, NAHypothyroidism, HT, stasis ulcers of legsLoss of consciousnessBacteremia, SSTIBlood
67Kim JH, 1989 []54 USA34 y, NALaurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome, CKD, retinal pigmentation, blindness, hypogonadism, obesityMalaise, fever, chillsBacteremia, SSTIBlood
68Kim JH, 1989 []54 USA39 y, NAIE, prosthetic aortic valve, chronic leg edemaFever, chills, nausea, swelling of legBacteremia, SSTIBlood
69Kim JH, 1989 []54 USA50 y, NAPancreatic carcinomaAKI, obtundationBacteremia, SSTIBlood
70Kim JH, 1989 []54 USA78 y, NAAdenocarcinoma, chronic lung diseaseCough, dyspnea, chest painBacteremia, pneumoniaBlood
71von Graevenitz A, 1979 []55 NA60 y, NAToe gangrene, DM, hypothyroidismFeverSSTI, bacteremiaBlood
72von Graevenitz A, 1979 []55 NA90 y, NAOrchiectomy, prostate cancerMental confusionEmpyema, aspiration pneumoniaBlood, pleural effusion
73Shimada K, 1981 []56 NA80 y, NANANACholangitisBlood
74Heller HM, 1990 []57 USA75 y, NACAD, leg edema secondary to saphenous vein harvestFever, chills, redness of legBacteremia, SSTIBlood
75Brink AJ, 1995 []58 USA75 y, NADM, leg ulcerNABacteremia, SSTIBlood
76Brink AJ, 1995 []58 USA57 y, NALeg ulcer, tetanusNABacteremia, SSTIBlood
77Brink AJ, 1995 []58 USA36 y, NALeg ulcer, cellulitisNABacteremia, SSTIBlood
78Domínguez H, 1996 []59 USA80 y, NARA, DM, arterial insufficiency of the legs, leg ulcersEdema, erythema, tenderness of legBacteremia, SSTIBlood
79Domínguez H, 1996 []59 USA69 y, NACHF, leg ulcerDyspnea, swelling of legBacteremia, SSTIBlood
80Chen YS, 1997 []60 China73 y, NAAlcoholism, fatty liverNABacteremia, SSTIBlood, wound
81Krsnik I, 2002 []61 Spain66 y, NAMultiple myeloma, CKDFever, neutropeniaBacteremia, SSTIBlood
82Pagani L, 2003 []62 Italy87 y, NACushingoid appearanceFever, chills, shivering, pain of armBacteremia, SSTIBlood
83Saidel-Odes L, 2007 []63 Israel62 y, NAPancreatic tumor with lung and liver metastases, colon cancer, Krukenberg tumorHematemesisBacteremiaBlood
84Kim DM, 2006 []64 Korea65 y, NAIntraductal papillary mucinous tumorFever, chillsBacteremia, peritonitis, epidural abscessBlood, drainage, epidural abscess
85Wang IK, 2004 []65 Taiwan61 y, NACholecystectomyAbdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, diarrheaBacteremiaBlood
86Paccalin M, 2001 []66 France71 y, NAAppendicular peritonitis, leg ulcer, HTFever, stomachachePrimary infectious aneurysmBlood, surgical specimens
87Chen YS, 1997 []60 China51 y, NABiliary tract lithiasis, HBVNABacteremiaBlood
88Chen YS, 1997 []60 China71 y, NAbiliary tract lithiasisNABacteremiaBlood
89Chen YS, 1997 []60 China61 y, NALCNABacteremiaBlood
90Chen YS, 1997 []60 China71 y, NACholangiocarcinoma with liver invasionNABacteremiaBlood
91Chen YS 1997 []60 China85 y, NAPancreatic cancer with liver metastasisNABacteremiaBlood
92Chen YS, 1997 []60 China81 y, NABiliary tract lithiasisNABiliary tract infectionBlood, bile
93Idowu A, 2020 []67 65 y, NAAIDS, multiple serositis, ascites, chronic bilateral pleural effusion and recurrent pericardial effusion, LC, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, HCVFever, productive cough, general fatigueBacteremiaBlood
94Solhjoo M, 2019 []68 USA65 y, NANANANANA
95Blazo J, 2012 []69 USA75 y, NACAD, CHF, DM, CKD, anemiaLeg painBacteremia, septic arthritisBlood, knee aspirate
96Gandiga PC, 2011 []70 USA53 y, NAChronic lymphedemaMalaise, feverBacteremia, SSTIBlood
97Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa1 d, NAPDANARespiratory distressBlood
98Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa1 d, NAAsphyxia neonatorumNARespiratory distressBlood
99Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa1 d, NAPneumoniaNARespiratory distressBlood
100Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa1 d, NABochdalek herniaNARespiratory distressBlood
101Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa1 d, NAMeconium aspirationNARespiratory distressBlood
102Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa1 d, NAMeconium aspirationNARespiratory distressBlood
103Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa1 d, NAPneumoniaNARespiratory distressBlood
104Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa1 d, NAPneumoniaNARespiratory distressBlood
105Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South AfricaPremature, NACongenital syphilisNARespiratory distressBlood
106Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africal, NAPneumoniaNARespiratory distressBlood
107Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South AfricaPremature, NACongenital syphilisNARespiratory distressBlood
108Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South AfricaPremature, NANANARespiratory distressBlood
109Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South AfricaPremature, NANANARespiratory distressBlood
110Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South AfricaPremature, NAHydrocephalusNARespiratory distressBlood
111Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South AfricaPremature, NANANARespiratory distressBlood
112Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South AfricaPremature, NACongenital laryngeal cystNARespiratory distressBlood
113Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa6 m, NANANARecurrent bronchopneumoniaBlood
114Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa12 m, NANANABronchopneumoniaBlood
115Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa12 m, NANANABronchopneumoniaBlood
116Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa16 y, NABurnNABacteremiaBlood
117Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa18 y, NABurnNABacteremiaBlood
118Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa18 y, NABurn, ARDSNABacteremiaBlood
119Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa36 y, NATraumatic ulcer of leg, cellulitisNABacteremiaBlood
120Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa5 y, NATraumatic ulcer of leg tetanusNABacteremiaBlood
121Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa75 y, NADiabetic ulcer of legNABacteremiaBlood
122Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa21 y, NAChemical burn on esophagusNABacteremiaBlood
123Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa17 y, NACholangitis, liver abscessNABacteremiaBlood
124Brink AJ, 1995 []58 South Africa52 y, NAEpilepsy, aspiration during fitNABacteremiaBlood
M – male; F – female; NA – not available; SSTI – skin and soft tissue infection; LC – liver cirrhosis; HCC – hepatic cell carcinoma; CKD – chronic kidney disease; HD – hemodialysis; DM – diabetes mellitus; CABG – coronary artery bypass graft surgery; CAD – coronary artery disease; CAPD – Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; CBD – common bile duct; HBV – hepatitis B virus; HCV – hepatitis C virus; AIDS – acquired immune deficiency syndrome; PD – peritoneal dialysis; CHF – congestive heart failure; IE – infective endocarditis; AMI – acute myocardial infarction; MI – myocardial infarction; MR – mitral valve regurgitation; ARDS – adult respiratory distress syndrome; HT – hypertension; SBP – spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; AKI – acute kidney injury; HL – hyperlipidemia; PDA – patent ductus arteriosus; RA – rheumatoid arthritis; TIPS – transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; GERD – gastroesophageal reflux; MVR – mitral valve replacement; AVR – aortic valve replacement; AF – atrial fibrillation; SSI – skin and soft tissue infection; API Rapid NFT system – system for identifying nonfermentative bacteria; – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – MRSA – methicillin-resistant – – CNS – coagulase negative – – GAS – Group A GGS – Group G – – DRPM – doripenem; CLDM – clindamycin; SBT/CPZ – sulbactam-cefoperazone; CPZ – cefoperazone; MEPM – meropenem; LVFX – levofloxacin; CAZ – ceftazidime; ISP – isepamicin; CZOP – cefozopran; FLUX – flucloxacillin; GM – gentamycin; PIPC – piperacillin; CPFX – ciprofloxacin; CPDX-PR – cefpodoxime proxetil; CEZ – cefazolin; MINO – minocycline; CFPM – cefepime; VCM – vancomycin; DOXY – doxycycline; AMK – amikacin; CTRX – ceftriaxone; FMOX – flomoxef; CMZ – cefmetazole; AMPC/CVA – amoxicillin-clavulanate; CPR – cefpirome; CFX – cefoxitin; ABPC – ampicillin; IMP – imipenem; MPIPC – oxacillin; PIPC/TAZ – piperacillin-tazobactam; DAP – daptomycin; MFLX – moxifloxacin; LVFX – levofloxacin; CTX – cefotaxime; LZD – linezolid; MNZ – metronidazole; ST – trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; MDIPC – dicloxacillin; CM – chloramphenicol; NFPC – nafcillin; PC – penicillin; MEZ – mezlocillin; EM – erythromycin; CEPH – cephalosporin; CET – cephalothin; CEF – cefalotin; ABPC/SBT – ampicillin-sulbactam; CFIX – cefixime; OFLX – ofloxacin.
Case NoShewanella sp.Co-isolatesDiagnostic methodPortal of entryTreatmentAntibioticsOutcome
1NAOralDebridement, drainage, antibioticsDRPM+CLDMDeath
2NoneNAOralDrainage, antibioticsSBT/CPZ→MEPM, SBT/CPZ→LVFXSurvival
3None16SrRNANADrainage, antibioticsSBT/CPZSurvival
416SrRNANADrainage, antibioticsSBT/CPZDeath
5None16SrRNASkin lesionAntibioticsCAZ+ISP, CZOP, LVFXSurvival
6None16SrRNAOralAntibioticsMEPM, CAZ, LVFXSurvival
7NANARespiratory tractAntibiotics, drainageFLUX, GM, PIPC, CPFXSurvival
8Conventional methodNAAntibioticsCPDX-PR, CEZ, GM, LVFX, MINO, CFPMSurvival
9NASkin lesionAntibiotics, drainageNASurvival
10NAAPI 20 NESkin lesionAntibiotics, drainageCFPMSurvival
11NANASkin lesionAntibioticsCAZ+MEPM+VCM→CAZ+ MEPM+VCM+DOXY→CAZ+GMDeath
12NANACatheterAntibiotics, change of catheterGM, MEPMSurvival
13NAMALDI-TOF, Phoenix NID cardCatheterAntibioticsDRPM, AMKSurvival
14NAVITEK 2, MALDI-TOFNADrainage, antibioticsCTRX+CLDM→CTRXSurvival
15NoneNASkin lesionAntibioticsCTRX, LVFXSurvival
16NANANAantibioticsCTRXSurvival
17E.coli16SrRNANAAntibioticsFMOXSurvival
18NA16SrRNANAAntibioticsCMZDeath
1916SrRNANAAntibioticsAMPC/CVASurvival
20NA16SrRNANAAntibioticsCPRSurvival
21NA16SrRNANAAntibioticsCFXSurvival
22NA16SrRNANAAntibioticsAMPC/CVASurvival
23NA16SrRNANAAntibioticsAMPC/CVADeath
24NA16SrRNANAAntibioticsABPCSurvival
25A baumannii16SrRNANAAntibioticsCMZSurvival
26 spp.16SrRNANADrainage, antibioticsSBT/CPZ→MEPM→ MEPM+VCMSurvival
27NA16SrRNANAAntibioticsMEPMSurvival
28NA16SrRNAoralAntibioticsABPC, CLDMSurvival
29NA16SrRNASkin lesionAntibioticsCEZ→CEZ+CLDM→ CAZ+MINO→CAZSurvival
30NA16SrRNAoralAntibioticsSBT/CPZ, CTRX, LVFXSurvival
31NANAoralAntibioticsIMP, CPFXDeath
32 (MRSA)16SrRNASkin lesionAntibiotics, drainageCFPM+VCM→CAZ+CPFX →DOXYSurvival
33NANABloodAntibioticsMPIPC, PIPC/TAZSurvival
34NASkin lesionAntibioticsLVFX+VCM→DOXY+VCM →DAP+CTRXSurvival
35NANANAAntibiotics, debridement, amputationPIPC/TAZ+VCMSurvival
36Conventional methodSkin lesionAntibiotics, incision, drainageMFLX, PIPC/TAZ+ VCM, LVFXSurvival
37MALDI-TOFSkin lesionAntibioticsDAP, CTRXSurvival
38NAVITEK, MALDI-TOFNAAntibioticsVCM+MEPM→LVFXSurvival
39NAMALDI-TOF, conventional methodNAAntibioticsMEPM+LVFXSurvival
40NAVITEK 2NAAntibioticsPIPC/TAZ, LVFXSurvival
41NANANAAntibioticsPIPC/TAZ+VCM→CFPMDeath
42NoneNANANANASurvival
43NoneNANAAntibioticsGM+CTRXSurvival
44HaemolyticusNANAAntibioticsLVFXSurvival
45NANANANANASurvival
46NANANAAntibioticsNASurvival
47NANANAAntibioticsNADeath
48NANANAAntibioticsPIPC/TAZ+LVFXSurvival
49NANANANANASurvival
50NAVITEKNAAntibioticsPIPC/TAZ+GMDeath
51NAVITEK MSNAAntibioticsCTRX+CPFXDeath
52NAMALDI-TOFSkin lesionantibiotics, drainage, debridementPIPC/TAZ+CLDM+AMK →CTX+LZD+MNZSurvival
53NAMALDI-TOF, 16SrRNASkin lesionantibioticsCTX+AMPC/CVA →CFPM+CPFXSurvival
54 (blood, scrotal tissue), (scrotal fluid)MALDI-TOF, VITEK 2NAAntibiotics, debridementAMPC/CVA→CAZ+LVFXDeath
55NANASkin lesionAntibioticsCTRX, CPFXSurvival
5616SrRNANAAntibioticsCTX+MNZ→CTX+MNZ+GM →PIPC/TAZ+AMKDeath
57NAVITEK 2Skin lesionAntibiotics, vulvectomy of mitral valveCEZ→CFPM+GMNA
58 (MRSA), NATraumatic route, respiratory tractAntibiotics, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeryVCM,ST,CAZ,MPIPC,PIPC/TAZ, CPFX,MNZ,LVFXSurvival
59NAKirby-Bauer disk diffusionSkin lesionAntibiotics, debridementMDIPC→PIPC/TAZ+VCM →PIPC/TAZSurvival
60NANANAAntibioticsCTRX+GMSurvival
61NANATransplacentalAntibioticsABPC+GM→ABPC+ AMK+IMPSurvival
62NA16SrRNAOralAntibioticsCTRX+CPFXDeath
63NA16SrRNAskin lesion, oralAntibiotics, debridement, amputationCTRX+DOXY→CPFXSurvival
64Conventional methodSkin lesionAntibioticsABPC, GMSurvival
65 (CNS), API 20ENAAntibiotics, debridementGM, CM, STSurvival
66Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)API 20ENAAntibioticsNFPC, PC, GMDeath
67NAAPI Rapid NFT systemNAAntibioticsVCM, GM, MEZSurvival
68GGSAPI 20Eskin lesionAntibioticsNFPC+GM CAZSurvival
69API Rapid NFT systemNAAntibiotics, drainageABPC+GM+CLDMDeath
70NAAPI Rapid NFT systemNAAntibioticsEM+CAZSurvival
71NANANAAntibiotics, amputationCEPHSurvival
72NANANAAntibioticsPC, CEPH, GM, MPIPCDeath
73 Spp.NANAAntibioticsCETSurvival
74NAVITEKSkin lesionAntibioticsPIPC, ABPCSurvival
75NAAPI 20NENANANANA
76NAAPI 20NENANANANA
77API 20NENANANANA
78NAConventional methodNAAntibiotics, surgical revisionABPC+GMSurvival
79NAAPI 20NEskin lesionantibiotics, amputationPIPC+GM→ABPC+GM→CEF+GM→CEFSurvival
80NAID 32 GNNAAntibioticsCTX, CLDM, GMDeath
81NAAPI 20NE and VITEK GNINAAntibioticsCAZ, AMKSurvival
82NAVITEK II3 and ID 32 GNSkin lesionAntibioticsABPC/SBT, ABPCSurvival
83NANANAAntibioticsAMPC/CVASurvival
84NA16SrRNANAAntibiotics, drainageIMP→MEPM→CFPMSurvival
85ID 32 GNoralAntibioticsCEZ+GM→CFIX+DOXYSurvival
86NAAPI 20 NENAAntibiotics, aorto- bi-iliac bypassCTRX+OFLX→PIPC+GMSurvival
87SobriaID 32 GNNAAntibioticsCEZ+GM+MNZSurvival
88M. morganiiID 32 GNNAAntibioticsCEZ+GM→CPZSurvival
89ID 32 GNNAAntibioticsCEZ+GMSurvival
90ID 32 GNNAAntibioticsCEZ+GMDeath
91Shewanella putrefaciensID 32 GNNAAntibioticsCEZ+GMDeath
92ID 32 GNNAAntibioticsCEZ+GM+MNZSurvival
93NANANAAntibioticsPIPC/TAZ+VCM+ST →MEPM+VCM+STDeath
94NANANANANANA
95NANANAAntibioticsPIPC/TAZ+VCM→ PIPC/TAZ→PIPC/TAZ+CPFXNA
96NANANAAntibioticsVCM+PIPC/TAZSurvival
97API 20 NENANANADeath
98NoneAPI 20 NENANANADeath
99API 20 NENANANASurvival
100API 20 NENANANADeath
101API 20 NENANANASurvival
102API 20 NENANANASurvival
103API 20 NENANANASurvival
104API 20 NENANANASurvival
105NoneAPI 20 NENANANADeath
106API 20 NENANANADeath
107API 20 NENANANADeath
108API 20 NENANANASurvival
109NoneAPI 20 NENANANASurvival
110API 20 NENANANASurvival
111NoneAPI 20 NENANANASurvival
112NoneAPI 20 NENANANASurvival
113NoneAPI 20 NENANANASurvival
114API 20 NENANANASurvival
115NoneAPI 20 NENANANASurvival
116API 20 NENANANASurvival
117API 20 NENANANASurvival
118API 20 NENANANADeath
119API 20 NENANANASurvival
120NoneAPI 20 NENANANASurvival
121NoneAPI 20 NENANANASurvival
122API 20 NENANANASurvival
123API 20 NENANANADeath
124NoneAPI 20 NENANANASurvival
M – male; F – female; NA – not available; SSTI – skin and soft tissue infection; LC – liver cirrhosis; HCC – hepatic cell carcinoma; CKD – chronic kidney disease; HD – hemodialysis; DM – diabetes mellitus; CABG – coronary artery bypass graft surgery; CAD – coronary artery disease; CAPD – Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; CBD – common bile duct; HBV – hepatitis B virus; HCV – hepatitis C virus; AIDS – acquired immune deficiency syndrome; PD – peritoneal dialysis; CHF – congestive heart failure; IE – infective endocarditis; AMI – acute myocardial infarction; MI – myocardial infarction; MR – mitral valve regurgitation; ARDS – adult respiratory distress syndrome; HT – hypertension; SBP – spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; AKI – acute kidney injury; HL – hyperlipidemia; PDA – patent ductus arteriosus; RA – rheumatoid arthritis; TIPS – transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; GERD – gastroesophageal reflux; MVR – mitral valve replacement; AVR – aortic valve replacement; AF – atrial fibrillation; SSI – skin and soft tissue infection; API Rapid NFT system – system for identifying nonfermentative bacteria; – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – MRSA – methicillin-resistant – – CNS – coagulase negative – – GAS – Group A GGS – Group G – – DRPM – doripenem; CLDM – clindamycin; SBT/CPZ – sulbactam-cefoperazone; CPZ – cefoperazone; MEPM – meropenem; LVFX – levofloxacin; CAZ – ceftazidime; ISP – isepamicin; CZOP – cefozopran; FLUX – flucloxacillin; GM – gentamycin; PIPC – piperacillin; CPFX – ciprofloxacin; CPDX-PR – cefpodoxime proxetil; CEZ – cefazolin; MINO – minocycline; CFPM – cefepime; VCM – vancomycin; DOXY – doxycycline; AMK – amikacin; CTRX – ceftriaxone; FMOX – flomoxef; CMZ – cefmetazole; AMPC/CVA – amoxicillin-clavulanate; CPR – cefpirome; CFX – cefoxitin; ABPC – ampicillin; IMP – imipenem; MPIPC – oxacillin; PIPC/TAZ – piperacillin-tazobactam; DAP – daptomycin; MFLX – moxifloxacin; LVFX – levofloxacin; CTX – cefotaxime; LZD – linezolid; MNZ – metronidazole; ST – trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; MDIPC – dicloxacillin; CM – chloramphenicol; NFPC – nafcillin; PC – penicillin; MEZ – mezlocillin; EM – erythromycin; CEPH – cephalosporin; CET – cephalothin; CEF – cefalotin; ABPC/SBT – ampicillin-sulbactam; CFIX – cefixime; OFLX – ofloxacin.

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American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923
American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923