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23 August 2019 : Case report  Saudi Arabia

Pancytopenia and Septic Infection Caused by Concurrent Use of Allopurinol and Mercaptopurine: A Case Report Illustrating the Importance of Clinical Pharmacist Consultation

Adverse events of drug therapy

Alaa A. Alhubaishi1ACE*

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.914166

Am J Case Rep 2019; 20:1245-1247

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pancytopenia is a hematological condition which is characterized by decreases in all three cellular elements: RBC, WBC, and platelets. As a result, patients with pancytopenia are more prone to anemia, infections, and excessive bleeding. Pancytopenia can be caused by medications or drug interactions that suppress the bone marrow. This case report highlights a drug interaction between allopurinol and mercaptopurine which led to pancytopenia and septic infection, resulting in the patient’s death. This could easily have been avoided if a clinical pharmacist had been consulted.

CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old female patient with a past medical history of gout, depression, back pain, and type 2 diabetes was recently diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and was discharged with a new prescription of mercaptopurine. After 2 months of concurrent use of allopurinol and mercaptopurine, she developed infected foot ulcers, which progressed rabidly to sepsis. At the time, her laboratory findings confirmed pancytopenia. Despite treatment, the patient died.

CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates the importance of consulting a clinical pharmacist in order to avoid such medical error. The dose of mercaptopurine should be reduced to 25% of the recommended dose when it is given concurrently with allopurinol to reduce the risk of pancytopenia. Health care providers should think about the significant role of clinical pharmacy services. In our case, there were no clinical pharmacist involved in the care of this patient, and as a result of such negligence, the patient lost her life.

Keywords: Drug Interactions, 6-mercaptopurine, Pharmacists, Allopurinol, Pancytopenia, Colitis, Ulcerative, Diabetic Foot, Fatal Outcome, gout, Gout Suppressants, Immunosuppressive Agents, Pharmacy Service, Hospital, Referral and Consultation, Sepsis

Errate

Am J Case Rep 2020; 21:e923775     https://amjcaserep.com/abstract/index/idArt/923775

The author would like to correct a misplaced decimal in the amount of fluoxetine the patient was taking. In the third sentence of the Case Report section, the sentence should read:
She was taking allopurinol 300 mg twice daily, fluoxetine 15 mg daily, ibuprofen 200 mg twice daily as needed, metformin 500 mg twice daily, and glipizide 300 mg twice daily.

Reference:
1. Alaa A. Alhubaishi: Pancytopenia and Septic Infection Caused by Concurrent Use of Allopurinol and Mercaptopurine: A Case Report Illustrating the Importance of Clinical Pharmacist Consultation. Am J Case Rep 2019; 20: 1245-1247. DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.914166
 
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American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923
American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923