Background: Only less than fifty cases of laryngeal leiomyosarcoma and few combined leiomyosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma have been described. Leiomyosarcoma arises from smooth muscle
cells. The treatment is surgical with adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy indicated in large tumours.Case Report: The authors present a review of literature and describe an extremely rare case of combined leiomyosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal cord in 55-years old man. The patient underwent fronto-lateral laryngectomy. The patient has been asymptomatic for 31 months, and his laryngeal function has been preserved. The final diagnosis was based on immunohistochemical studies of the operative specimen.Conclusions: Laryngeal leiomyosarcoma combined with squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare lesion which can be in selected cases safely and radically treated with partial laryngectomy.

Keywords: partial laryngectomy, Leiomyosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Larynx