Background: In tropical regions, malarial infection is an important cause of sickling syndromes in patients with sickle cell anemia.
Case Report: The authors report the benign evolution of three children with the diagnosis of sickle cell
anemia (SCA) who became infected with malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Sometimes sickling syndromes can be misdiagnosed as severe falciparum malaria or secondary bacterial infection. The clinical management of patients with this association of diseases is difficult and should be centered on early diagnosis, early efficacious antimalarial treatment, blood transfusions, careful parenteral hydration and therapy with antibiotics.
Conclusions: Further studies are needed to describe the clinical pattern of patients with SCA in areas highly endemic for P. vivax.

Keywords: Malaria, sickle cell anemia, plasmodium vivax