The contemporary views on the epidemiology, pathogenesis as well as treatment of school and progressive myopia are discussed. The history of myopia investigations is described. The results of papers indicating the environmental and genetic reasons of myopia are presented. Special attention is focused on the anatomical, physiological and biochemical transformations in the course of progressive myopia. The attitude towards some conservative
and surgical methods of school and progressive myopia is expressed. The anatomical and biochemical changes taking place in the eye with experimental myopia are characterized. The substances inhibiting the progress
of experimental myopia are described. The possibilities of using the newest experimental results in progressive myopia treatment are indicated.

Keywords: school myopia, progressive myopia, experimental myopia