Background: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), or periodic disease, is an inherited chronic inflammatory disorder that occurs mainly in the population of the Mediterranean area, and it is exceptional in other ethnic groups.
Case report: The authors present a case of a FMF observed in a member of a family from southern Romania without the typical ethnic background, and without family history of this kind of disorders. The onset of his symptoms
was at the age of 4. Diagnostic aspects and differential criteria of other disorders characterized by recurrent fever with systemic involvement, mainly polyserositis, are presented. The authors insist on the role of adequate
therapy that may prevent the onset of amyloidosis, which is a common complication in patients with FMF.
Conclusion: The recognition and correct diagnosis of FMF is essential in order to avoid unnecessary diagnostic
procedures and to apply the adequate therapy.

Keywords: Familial Mediterranean Fever, children, Romania